Sarasvati, Daulika (2024) Modifikasi Suspensi Sekunder Bogie TB1014 pada Kereta Penumpang Eksekutif K1 Melalui Pemodelan Sistem Suspensi Semi Aktif dengan Sistem Kontrol PID. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan kualitas berkendara pada kereta api ditinjau dari tingkat kenyamanan penumpang berdasarkan getaran car body yang dipengaruhi oleh sistem suspensi pada bogie. Modifikasi sistem suspensi pasif menjadi semi aktif dengan pemilihan peredam hidrolik dalam modifikasi suspensi sekunder bogie menjadi alternatif yang menjanjikan ditinjau dari performa dan efisiensi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui simulasi sistem seperempat kendaraan sesuai parameter pada kereta penumpang eksekutif K1 dengan bogie TB 1014. Modifikasi dilakukan melalui penambahan komponen adjustable hydraulic damper dengan aktuator berupa DC stepper motor sebagai pengontrol gaya redam. Proses simulasi dilakukan pada software MATLAB Simulink dengan menambahkan input eksitasi disturbance gangguan jalan berupa impuls dengan variasi kecepatan, sedangkan ketidakrataan jalan direpresentasikan dengan gaussian white noise. Simulasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan performa suspensi pasif dengan semi aktif dengan dua jenis metode tuning PID yaitu Ziegler-Nichols dan Tyreus-Luyben. Keluaran dari tahap ini berupa grafik time-based yang merepresentasikan car body displacement, bogie displacement, car body acceleration, bogie acceleration dan pitching angular acceleration. Berdasarkan grafik hasil simulasi tersebut, diperoleh data berupa peak value, peak time dan titik transien untuk menentukan tingkat kenyamanan penumpang kereta. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, gerbong kereta dengan penerapan suspensi semi aktif mampu mereduksi percepatan getaran dibuktikan dengan persentase penurunan peak value hingga 47,30% untuk metode ZN-PID dan 32,14% jika diterapkan metode TL-PID. Apabila ditinjau dari titik transien sistem, metode ZN-PID mampu menurunkan hingga 96,38% dan TL-PID sebesar 89,23%. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan sistem suspensi semi aktif mampu meredam hentakan dan meningkatkan kestabilan gerbong setelah terkena efek impuls dari sambungan rel. Kedua metode tersebut mampu mereduksi getaran dibandingkan dengan suspensi pasif. Namun dari hasil simulasi, reduksi amplitudo pada metode TL-PID lebih sedikit. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh nilai gain Kp, Ki dan Kd yang memiliki fungsi spesifik dalam menentukan karakteristik grafik hasil simulasi. Tingkat peredaman terbaik pada gerbong kereta diperoleh ketika diterapkan suspensi semi aktif dengan sistem kontrol PID metode tuning Ziegler-Nichols ditinjau dari reduksi amplitudo getaran pada gerbong maupun bogie memiliki nilai yang lebih kecil. Walaupun demikian, waktu yang diperlukan grafik untuk mencapai titik transien atau transient time pada penerapan kedua metode tersebut tidak terpengaruh secara signifikan. Oleh karena itu, modifikasi sistem suspensi pasif menjadi semi aktif meningkatkan kenyamanan penumpang.
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Improving the train’s driving quality is based on the comfort level of passengers from the car body vibration influenced by the bogie suspension system. Modification of passive suspension system to semi-active with hydraulic dampers in the modification of bogie secondary suspension is a promising alternative in terms of performance and efficiency. The research was conducted through the simulation of a quarter-vehicle system according to the TB 1014 bogie K1 executive passenger train’s parameters. Modifications were made through the addition of adjustable hydraulic damper components with actuators in the form of DC stepper motors as damping force controllers. The simulation process is carried out in MATLAB Simulink software by adding road disturbance excitation in the form of impulses with speed variations, while road surface irregularity is represented by Gaussian White Noise. Simulation is done by comparing the performance of passive and semi-active suspensions with two types of PID tuning methods, namely Ziegler-Nichols and Tyreus-Luyben. The output of this stage is a time-based graph representing car body displacement, bogie displacement, car body acceleration, bogie acceleration and pitching angular acceleration. Based on the simulation graph, data in the form of peak value, peak time and transient point are obtained to determine the comfort level of train passengers. Semi-active suspension system can reduce vibration acceleration as evidenced by the percentage of peak value reduction up to 47.30% for the ZN-PID method and 32.14% if the TL-PID method is applied. Based on transient point, ZN-PID method can reduce up to 96.38% and TL-PID by 89.23%. This indicates that the application of the semi-active suspension system can reduce the pounding and improve the stability of the carriage after being exposed to the impulse effect of the rail connection. Both methods can reduce vibration compared to passive suspension. However, from the simulation results, the amplitude reduction is less with the application of TL-PID method. The differences are caused by the gain values Kp, Ki and Kd which have specific functions in determining the graph characteristics. The best level of damping obtained when a semi-active suspension is applied with ZN-PID in terms of vibration amplitude reduction on the carriage and bogie has a smaller value. However, the transient time of the two methods is not significantly affected. Therefore, the modification of passive suspension system to semi-active improves passenger comfort.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | PID Control System, Secondary Suspension, Semi-active Suspension, Tyreus-Luyben, Ziegler-Nichols, Sistem Kontrol PID, Suspensi Sekunder, Suspensi Semi Aktif |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ223.A25 Actuators. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ223 PID controllers T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL257 Springs and suspension |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Daulika Sarasvati |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Aug 2024 06:29 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Aug 2024 06:29 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/113287 |
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