Hamid, Mochamad Hifni Hafsyin (2024) STUDI NUMERIK PENGARUH RASIO DIAMETER RUNNER DAN BASIN (0.6, 0.7, 0.8, & 0.9) DENGAN VARIASI SUDUT STAGGER TERHADAP PERFORMA WATER VORTEX TURBINE DENGAN PROFIL BASIN CONICAL CONCAVE. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 2039201088_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
2039201088_Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2026. Download (8MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia diproyeksikan tiap tahun akan meningkat sebesar 4.4% pertahun, Peningkatan kebutuhan energi ini terjadi karena industrilisasi yang semakin berkembang dan bertumbuhnya masyarakat dan kebutuhannya. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi nasional perlu adanya penambahan kapasitas pembangkit yang berasal dari energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Energi baru terbarukan dapat dinilai berkontribusi mengurangi emisi karbon mengingat pembangkit listrik tenaga fosil menjadi penyumbang emisi karbon terbesar di Indonesia. Dari beberapa potensi sumber energi terbarukan yang ada, pemanfaatan energi air memiliki potensi cukup besar sebagai sumber daya pembangkit listrik yang ramah lingkungan. PLTMH (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro) menjadi salah satu potensi pembangkit yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Gravitation water vortex power plant atau turbin vortex merupakan turbin yang memanfaatkan tenaga pusaran air akibat adanya perbedaan ketiggian yang beroperasi pada head rendah yaitu 0,7 m - 3 m, sehingga menimbulkan gaya gravitasi untuk memutar turbin. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisa numerik menggunakan CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) yang bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh rasio diameter runner dan sudut stagger pada performa turbin vortex. Gambar perancangan menggunakan software solidworks, sedangkan simulasi menggunakan software ansys fluent 2021 R2. Proses simulasi dimulai dengan melakukan validasi hasil simulasi numerik menggunakan Grid Independency Test (GIT) untuk mendapatkan jumlah elemen serta model viskos yang paling mendekati hasil eksperimen. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini di simulasikan diameter runner sebesar 300 mm, 350 mm, 400 mm, dan 450 mm dengan sudut stagger 15° pada kapasitas 500 lpm dan RPM untuk mendapatkan torsi, kontur kecepatan, dan tekanan aliran. Setelah itu, dilakukan perhitungan performa turbin menggunakan nilai torsi sehingga mendapatkan daya turbin, efisiensi, Coefficient of Power, dan tip of speed. Hasil perhitungan tersebut akan dianalisis sehingga mendapatkan ukuran diameter runner terbaik. Simulasi dilanjutkan dengan memvariasikan sudut stagger, yaitu pada sudut 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, dan 20° di berbagai kapasitas. Simulasi dilanjutkan dengan membandingan diameter 300 mm dan 400 dengan sudut stagger 0°. Diharapkan penelitian ini akan menghasilkan rasio diameter turbin dan basin serta sudut stagger runner dengan peforma turbin terbaik.
Pada hasil simulasi dan analisa tersebut didapatkan bahwa dengan rasio diameter runner dan basin 0.7 dengan sudut stagger 15° merupakan variasi yang memiliki performa paling optimum pada kapasitas 500 lpm, yaitu putaran 60 rpm yang menghasilkan torsi sebesar 1,56 Nm, daya 9.80watt dan efisiensi yatiu 52,04% serta mampu menghasilkan koefisien power maksimal sebesar 0,48 pada tip speed ratio 2.60. Pada analisis variasi sudut stagger 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, dan 20° dengan runner berdiameter 400 mm, ditemukan bahwa sudut stagger 15° memiliki performa paling optimum pada beberapa kapasitas aliran. Pada kapasitas 500 lpm dan putaran 60 rpm, sudut stagger 15° menghasilkan torsi sebesar 1,43 Nm, daya turbin 8,99 watt, dan efisiensi 47,74%. Pada kapasitas 400 lpm dan putaran 60 rpm, torsi yang dihasilkan adalah 0,86 Nm, dengan daya turbin 5,41 watt dan efisiensi 37,77%. Pada kapasitas 300 lpm dan putaran 40 rpm, torsi yang dihasilkan adalah 0,69 Nm, dengan daya turbin 2,9 watt dan efisiensi 28,58%. Pada kapasitas 500 lpm, turbin vortex sudut stagger 0° diameter 300 mm dan 400 mm didapatkan bahwa memiliki performa paling optimum yaitu diameter 400 dengan sudut stagger 0° pada 60 rpm yang memiliki torsi sebesar 1,18 Nm, daya 7.41watt dan efisiensi yaitu 39,36%.
===================================================================================================
Indonesia's The need for electrical energy in Indonesia is projected to increase every year by 4.4% per year. This increase in energy needs occurs due to increasingly developing industrialization and the growth of society and its needs. To meet national energy needs, it is necessary to increase generating capacity from new, renewable energy (EBT). New renewable energy can be considered to contribute to reducing carbon emissions considering that fossil fuel power plants are the largest contributor to carbon emissions in Indonesia. Of the several potential renewable energy sources that exist, the use of water energy has quite large potential as an environmentally friendly power generation resource. PLTMH (Microhydro Power Plant) is one of the generating potentials that has not been widely exploited. Gravitational water vortex power plant or vortex turbine is a turbine that utilizes the power of a water vortex due to differences in height which operates at a low head, namely 0.7 m - 3 m, thus creating a gravitational force to rotate the turbine. In this research, numerical analysis will be carried out using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) which aims to analyze the effect of the runner diameter ratio and stagger angle on the performance of the vortex turbine. The design drawing uses SolidWorks software, while the simulation uses Ansys Fluent 2021 R2 software. The simulation process begins by validating the numerical simulation results using the Grid Independence Test (GIT) to obtain the number of elements and the viscous model that is closest to the experimental results. Furthermore, this research simulated runner diameters of 300 mm and 400 mm with a stagger angle of 0° at various capacities and RPM to obtain torque, speed contours and flow Pressure. After that, the turbine performance is calculated using the torque value to obtain turbine power, efficiency, Coefficient of Power, and tip of speed. The results of these calculations will be analyzed to obtain the best runner diameter size. The simulation continued by varying the stagger angle, namely at angles of 10°, 15°, and 20°. It is hoped that this research will produce the turbine and basin diameter ratio and stagger runner angle with the best turbine performance
In the simulation and analysis results, it is found that the ratio of runner and basin diameters 0.7 with a stagger angle of 15° is a variation that has the most optimum performance at a capacity of 500 lpm, which is a rotation of 60 rpm which produces a torque of 1.56 Nm, power of 9.80 watts and efficiency of 52,04% and is able to produce a maximum power coefficient of 0.48 at a tip speed ratio of 2.60. In the analysis of variations in stagger angles of 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20° with a 400 mm diameter runner, it was found that a stagger angle of 15° had the most optimum performance at several flow capacities. At a capacity of 500 lpm and a rotation of 60 rpm, a stagger angle of 15° produces a torque of 1.43 Nm, a turbine power of 8.99 watts, and an efficiency of 47.74%. At a capacity of 400 lpm and 60 rpm rotation, the resulting torque is 0.86 Nm, with a turbine power of 5.41 watts and an efficiency of 37.77%. At 300 lpm capacity and 40 rpm rotation, the resulting torque is 0.69 Nm, with a turbine power of 2.9 watts and an efficiency of 28.58%. At a capacity of 500 lpm, the vortex turbine with a stagger angle of 0 ° diameter of 300 mm and 400 mm is found to have the most optimum performance, namely diameter 400 with a stagger angle of 0 ° at 60 rpm which has a torque of 1.18 Nm, power of 7.41 watts and efficiency of 39.36%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Turbin Vortex, Computational Fluid Dynamics, dan Runner Runner, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Vortex Turbine |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ266 Turbines. Turbomachines (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ935 Pipe--Fluid dynamics. Tubes--Fluid dynamics |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4) |
| Depositing User: | Mochamad Hifni Hafsyin Hamid |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Aug 2024 04:46 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Aug 2024 04:46 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/113576 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |