Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu dan Putaran Impeller Terhadap Karakteristik Pompa Sentrifugal

Baskoro, Fajar Tri (2024) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu dan Putaran Impeller Terhadap Karakteristik Pompa Sentrifugal. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pompa sentrifugal adalah jenis pompa yang sering digunakan di bidang industri. Komponen utama pompa ini adalah impeller yang berfungsi mengubah energi mekanis menjadi energi kinetik. Kemudian, energi kinetik dari fluida diubah menjadi energi tekanan, yang kemudian diarahkan ke saluran discharge melalui impeller yang berputar di dalam casing. Tujuan utama pompa adalah membuat perbedaan tekanan tinggi pada bagian discharge. Beberapa faktor dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pompa sentrifugal. Faktor penting yang mempengaruhinya adalah jumlah sudu pada impeller dan kecepatan putar pompa. Jumlah sudu pada impeller dan kecepatan putar impeller dapat mempengaruhi head, tekanan, efisiensi maupun kerugian gesekan. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk dilakukan penelitian mengenai jumlah sudu impeller serta pengaruh putaran pompa terhadap kinerja pompa sentrifugal.
Metode yang di gunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen menggunakan pompa sentrifugal MQC 175 dengan instalasi sistem perpipaan CUSSON friction in pipe apparatus. Benda uji yang digunakan yaitu impeller dengan variasi jumlah sudu 4, 6 dan 8 dengan tipe closed impeller. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan melibatkan serangkaian eksperimen di mana kecepatan putar motor dikurangi menjadi 2000 RPM dan 2400 RPM dari kecepatan putar motor awal 2850 RPM. Penelitian ini memiliki output berupa grafik head pompa, WHP, BHP, dan efisiensi pompa.
Hasil yang didapatkan dari studi eksperimen ini dinyatakan bahwa dengan penurunan kecepatan putar poros impeller pompa menurunkan performa pompa dari head, WHP dan BHP. Namun, trendline dari parameter head, WHP dan BHP sama seperti kecepatan putar poros awal pompa. Selanjutnya bertambahnya jumlah sudu impeller meningkatkan kebutuhan daya untuk menggerakkan pompa ditandai dengan peningkatan nilai BHP. Dalam penelitian ini juga didapatkan nilai operating point dengan efisiensi tertinggi pada rangkaian CUSSON friction in pipe apparatus menggunakan pompa sentrifugal MQC 175 yaitu pada impeller dengan jumlah sudu 6 pada putaran 2850 RPM. Nilai head dan efisieinsi tertinggi terdapat pada jumlah sudu tertentu yang dipengaruhi oleh adanya vortex dan friction losses di mana pada penelitian ini dicapai oleh impeller dengan jumlah sudu 6.

Kata kunci: Pompa Sentrifugal, Impeller, Jumlah Sudu, Kecepatan Putar Pompa

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Centrifugal pumps are types of pumps that are often used in industries. The main component of this pump is the impeller, which converts mechanical energy into kinetic energy. Then, the kinetic energy of a portion of the fluid is converted into pressure energy, which is then directed to the exhaust channel through the rotating impeller in the casing. The main purpose of the pump is to create a high pressure difference at the discharge section. Several factors can affect the performance of a centrifugal pump. An important factor that affects are the number of blades on the impeller and the impeller roation speed. The number of blades on the impeller and impeller rotation speed can affect head, flow, efficiency, and friction losses. Therefore, it is important to conduct research on the number of blades and the effect of pump rotation on centrifugal pump performance.
The method used in this research is the experimental object of work using the MQC 175 centrifugal pump with the installation of the CUSSON friction in the pipe apparatus piping system. The test object used is an impeller with a variation in the number of blades 4, 6 and 8 with a closed impeller type. The research method involved a series of experiments in which the motor rotational speed was reduced to 2000 RPM and 2400 RPM from the initial motor rotational speed of 2850 RPM. This research has outputs in the form of graphs of pump head, WHP, BHP, and pump efficiency.
The results obtained from this experimental study stated that decreasing the rotational speed of the pump impeller shaft would not cause any special impact but would only reduce pump performance in terms of head, WHP and BHP. However, the trendline of the head, WHP and BHP parameters is the same as the initial pump shaft rotational speed. An increase in the number of impeller blades increases the power required to drive the pump, as indicated by the increase in BHP value. This study also identified the most efficient operating point for the CUSSON friction in pipe apparatus using the MQC 175 centrifugal pump, specifically for an impeller with 6 blades rotating at 2850 RPM. The highest head and efficiency values were obtained at a specific number of blades, influenced by the presence of vortex and friction losses. In this study, an impeller with 6 blades yielded the optimal performance.

Keywords: Centrifugal Pump, Impeller, Number of Blades, Pump Rotating Speed

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Pompa Sentrifugal, Impeller, Jumlah Sudu, Kecepatan Putar Pompa, Centrifugal Pump, Impeller, Number of Blades, Pump Rotating Speed
Subjects: T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ1058 Rotors
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ230 Machine design
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ903 Pumping machinery.
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ910 Electric pumping machinery
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ919 Centrifugal pumps--Design and construction.
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ930 Pipelines (General). Underwater pipelines.
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ935 Pipe--Fluid dynamics. Tubes--Fluid dynamics
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Fajar Tri Baskoro
Date Deposited: 09 Aug 2024 08:10
Last Modified: 09 Aug 2024 08:10
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/113599

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