Techno-Economic Study: Carbon Capture Storage and Injection System Integration as an FPSO Reutilization Alternative

Valentia, M (2024) Techno-Economic Study: Carbon Capture Storage and Injection System Integration as an FPSO Reutilization Alternative. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

The Belanak Natuna Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit, a 285-metre vessel, is among the numerous offshore installations in Indonesia that are scheduled for decommissioning over the next five to ten years. This unit is responsible for the production of crude oil and LPG and features a single mooring buoy and 3-phase risers, which contribute to its status as one of the most complex offshore production units in the Asia-Pacific region. In consequence, the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources has mandated an abandonment and site restoration (ASR) strategy for each operational facility, prompting studies on sustainable decommissioning strategies that combine diverse methods, including reutilization. Align with national sustainability goals and industry demands, the integration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for FPSO reuse is emerging as a viable option. The objective of this research is to develop an integrated FPSO-CCS system that is tailored to the technical constraints of the existing FPSO, while also addressing economic and regulatory requirements. The FPSO-CCS integration strategy incorporates a work breakdown structure and capital investment considerations, including CAPEX for FPSO ASR, inspections, new equipment, direct costs, and shipyard man-hours. The FPSO-CCS system is designed in three principal segments: a capture system utilizing monoethanolamide (MEA), a liquefaction-storage system employing the Linde-Hampson system, and an injection system that makes use of the existing injection module on the FPSO. Furthermore, the system is configured to receive and store liquefied CO₂ to function as a floating carbon hub. Simulation utilizing the Peng-Robinson equation of state indicates that the capture system has the potential to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, achieving an 84% reduction or approximately 177.282 tones per day. The captured CO₂ is stored in a liquefied form at -28°C and 15 bar and is injected in its supercritical phase at 34°C and 79 bar. The system has a storage capacity of 371.8 tones of CO2, with a maximum injection capacity of 2.92 MMSCFD. The facility's layout has been designed using computer-aided design software. The estimated capital expenditure (CAPEX) for this project by 2024 is $141,489,365.30. With a 20-year project period and across 18 scenarios of injection costs, the future potential of the FPSO-CCS as a carbon market facility is promising. This is evidenced by an expected profit margins of at least 25%, while the internal rate of return (IRR) is anticipated to range from 7.04% to 22.32%. The estimated tariff for CO₂ injection is projected at $19.00/ton for a minimum injection volume of 1,320,681.227 tones per year, equating to a cost of $11.98/ton. For a minimum of 2,641,362.453 tons per year, and $6.42/ton for a minimum of 3,962,043.68 tons per year. The novelty of this research lies in offering a dual solution for FPSO decommissioning and reutilization by integrating carbon capture and injection facilities, thereby aligning with both industry needs and environmental sustainability goals.
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Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Belanak Natuna, merupakan FPSO sepanjang 285 meter yang termasuk di antara banyak instalasi lepas pantai di Indonesia yang dijadwalkan untuk dinonaktifkan dalam lima hingga sepuluh tahun ke depan. FPSO ini memroduksi minyak mentah dan LPG, dan dilengkapi dengan single mooring buoy serta riser tiga fase. FPSO ini dinobatkan sebagai salah satu unit produksi lepas pantai paling kompleks di Asia Pasifik. Sejalan dengan tren global, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral telah mewajibkan penyusunan strategi abandonment and site restoration (ASR) untuk setiap fasilitas yang beroperasi di wilayahnya. Hal ini mendorong studi lanjut tentang strategi ASR, termasuk opsi untuk konversi dan pemanfaatan kembali fasilitas yang telah dibongkar. Dengan adanya inisiatif keberlanjutan nasional dan tren industri, integrasi system carbon capture and storage (CCS) untuk pemanfaatan kembali FPSO menjadi salah satu opsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem terintegrasi FPSO-CCS berdasarkan batasan teknis pada FPSO yang telah ada, sesuai dengan aspek ekonomis dan regulasi. Strategi integrasi FPSO-CCS mencakup struktur aktivitas kerja dan investasi modal yang meliputi modal ASR, biaya inspeksi, peralatan baru dengan biaya langsung, dan biaya kerja di galangan kapal. Sistem FPSO-CCS terdiri dari tiga bagian: sistem penangkapan dengan monoetanolamin (MEA), sistem pencairan dan penyimpanan dengan sistem Linde–Hampson, dan sistem injeksi yang memanfaatkan kembali modul injeksi yang ada di FPSO. Selain itu, sistem dirancang untuk menerima dan menyimpan CO2 cair dan bertindak sebagai pusat karbon terapung. Simulasi yang dilakukan menggunakan persamaan Peng-Robinson menunjukkan, sistem penangkapan dapat mengurangi CO2 hingga 84% atau 177,28 ton per hari. CO2 yang ditangkap disimpan dalam fase cair pada -28°C dan 15 bar dan diinjeksi pada fase superkritisnya, yaitu 34°C dan 79 bar. Fasilitas ini memiliki kapasitas penyimpanan 371,8 ton CO2 dengan injeksi maksimum 2,92 MMSCFD. Tata letak fasilitas dirancang menggunakan perangkat lunak computer-aided design (CAD). Perkiraan belanja modal (CAPEX) adalah $141.489.365,30 per tahun 2024. Dengan periode proyek 20 tahun dan 18 skenario biaya injeksi, potensi FPSO-CCS sebagai fasilitas pasar karbon, mencakup margin keuntungan ≥25% untuk sistem CCS dan tingkat pengembalian internal (IRR) sebesar 7,04-22,32%. Perkiraan tarif untuk injeksi CO2 adalah $19,00/ton untuk minimal 1.320.681,23 ton/tahun, $11,98 untuk minimal 2.641.362,45 ton/tahun, dan $6,42/ton untuk minimal 3.962.043,68 ton/tahun. Kebaruan penelitian ini adalah solusi untuk pembongkaran dan pemanfaatan kembali FPSO dengan mengintegrasikan FPSO dengan fasilitas CCS, sehingga menjembatani kebutuhan industri dan keberlanjutan lingkungan.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Carbon Market, CCS, Injection System, Process Flow Diagram, Offshore Carbon Capture
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Maria Valentia
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2024 18:09
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2024 18:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/113649

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