Penilaian Risiko Kebakaran dan Ledakan pada Terminal LNG dari Hasil Pemanfaatan Kembali Anjungan Lepas Pantai

Maulana, Rafi (2024) Penilaian Risiko Kebakaran dan Ledakan pada Terminal LNG dari Hasil Pemanfaatan Kembali Anjungan Lepas Pantai. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia saat ini memiliki kurang lebih 613 anjungan lepas pantai yang telah melewati masa operasinya sehingga harus dilakukan tahap pembongkaran. Opsi untuk memanfaatkan kembali anjungan tersebut menjadi terminal LNG menjadi menarik karena dapat menghemat biaya pembongkaran dan berpotensi menghasilkan nilai tambah. Studi ini mengkaji konsep pemanfaatan kembali anjungan lepas pantai menjadi terminal LNG yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya dengan mengembangkan desain, penilaian risiko kebakaran sebagai sarana evaluasi pengembangan desain, serta penyusunan Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) dan Emergency Response Plan (ERP). Langkah awal kajian studi meliputi perhitungan komponen utama terminal LNG, kemudian melakukan desain konsep Process Flow Diagram (PFD), dan Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID). Potensi bahaya diidentifikasi menggunakan metode Hazard Operability (HAZOP), membagi sistem menjadi lima node: Loading Line, Containment, Regasification, Boil-off Gas Handling, dan Offloading Line. Analisis frekuensi dengan Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) menunjukkan frekuensi tertinggi pelepasan gas pada Node 4 (kebocoran 1-3 mm, 1,00E-02 per tahun) dan terendah pada Node 2 (kebocoran >150 mm, 1,00E-06 per tahun). Event Tree Analysis (ETA) mengidentifikasi frekuensi tertinggi skenario jet fire pada Node 1 (kebocoran 10-50 mm, 7,27E-07 per tahun) dan flash fire pada Node 3 (kebocoran 10-50 mm, 9,23E-05 per tahun). Analisis konsekuensi menggunakan ALOHA menunjukkan dampak bahaya terhadap manusia, sedangkan pemetaan risiko dengan kurva F-N sesuai standar NFPA 59A: Edisi 2016 menunjukkan kejadian flash fire dan jet fire masih dalam batas tolerable. Selanjutnya, SOP dan ERP disusun untuk digunakan sebagai panduan operasional atau instruksi kerja sebelum dan saat pengisian LNG dan prosedur tanggap darurat saat kebakaran atau situasi darurat lainnya untuk memastikan keselamatan pekerja dan lingkungan. SOP dan ERP menjadi bagian dari langkah mitigasi yang diidentifikasi oleh Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) yang merupakan metode evaluasi risiko dan penentuan langkah mitigasi untuk memastikan risiko masih berada di batas yang dapat diterima.

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Indonesia currently has approximately 613 offshore platforms that have exceeded their operational lifespan and thus require decommissioning. Repurposing these platforms as LNG terminals is an attractive option, as it can save decommissioning costs and potentially generate added value. This study examines the concept of repurposing offshore platforms into LNG terminals, an approach that has not been previously undertaken. The study involves the development of design concepts, fire risk assessments as a means of evaluating design development, and the preparation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Emergency Response Plans (ERP). The initial steps of the study include calculating the main components of an LNG terminal, followed by conceptual design through the creation of a Process Flow Diagram (PFD) and Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID). Hazard identification is performed using the Hazard Operability (HAZOP) method, dividing the system into five nodes: Loading Line, Containment, Regasification, Boil-off Gas Handling, and Offloading Line. Frequency analysis with Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) indicates the highest frequency of gas release occurs at Node 4 (1-3 mm leakage, 1.00E-02 per year) and the lowest at Node 2 (>150 mm leakage, 1.00E-06 per year). Event Tree Analysis (ETA) identifies the highest frequency scenario of jet fire at Node 1 (10-50 mm leakage, 7.27E-07 per year) and flash fire at Node 3 (10-50 mm leakage, 9.23E-05 per year). Consequence analysis using ALOHA demonstrates the impact of hazards on humans, while risk mapping with F-N curves in accordance with NFPA 59A: 2016 edition standards shows that flash fire and jet fire events remain within tolerable limits.Furthermore, SOPs and ERPs are developed to be used as operational guidelines or work instructions before and during LNG loading, and as emergency response procedures during fires or other emergency situations to ensure worker and environmental safety. SOPs and ERPs are part of the mitigation measures identified through Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA), a risk evaluation method that determines mitigation steps to ensure risks remain within acceptable limits.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Desain Konseptual, Reutilisasi Anjungan Lepas Pantai, Terminal LNG Conceptual Design, LNG Terminal, Offshore Platform Reutilisation
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174.5 Technology--Risk assessment. T Technology > T Technology (General) > T55 Industrial Safety T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC1680 Offshore structures T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP761.L5 Liquefied natural gas
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rafi Maulana
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2024 18:18
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2024 18:18
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/113708

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