Hasanuddin, Hasanuddin (2024) KAJIAN TEKNO WASTE TO ELECTRIC DENGAN BAHAN BAKU PELET WOODCHIP MELALUI GASIFIKASI MULTI STAGE PADA MESIN DIESEL DUAL FUEL. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan jumlah permintaan energi di berbagai sektor membuat penggunaan sumber energi tidak dapat bergantung lagi dari sumber energi fosil yang jumlah semakin menurun. Penurunan supply energi fosil membuat pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan semakin meningkat, seperti biomassa. Bahan baku biomassa yang digunakan yaitu woodchip yang memiliki karaketristik kadar air 8,4%, volatil solid 74,19%, kadar abu 1,34%, kandungan karbon 16,07%, kandungan hidrogen 0,0479%, nitrogen 0,4372%, karbon monoksida 0,1701%, metana 0,049%, oksigen 0,1622% dan nilai kalor sebesar 3.907 Kkal/kg. Proses pengolahan biomassa menjadi syngas dilakukann melalui proses gasifikasi. Gasifikasi adalah proses konversi woodchip menjadi syngas dalam bentuk fase gas dengan metode gasifikasi tiga tingkat. Selanjutnya syngas tersebut digunakan sebagai bahan bakar pada mesin diesel dual fuel yang dikombinasikan dengan bahan bakar bio solar. Pada penelitian ini digunakan mesin diesel 5 kW sebagai alat eksperimen untuk mengetahui performansi yang dihasilkan oleh mesin diesel dual fuel ketika diinjeksikan bahan bakar ganda yaitu bio solar dan syngas Alat gasifier yang digunakan pada proses gasifikasi bahan baku biomassa woodchip memliki karakteristik air ratio terbaik antara perbandingan zona pirolisis, oksidasi, dan reduksi yaitu 1:7:2. Hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dengan pengaturan air ratio 1:7:2 dapat menghasilkan performansi mesin diesel terbaik dengan nilai putaran mesin dapat stabil pada nilai 3000 rpm dan tegangan rata-rata pada setiap perubahan bebannya yaitu 250 volt. Variasi pembebanan untuk pengujian mesin diesel dual fuel dilakukan mulai beban 0 watt hingga beban 4.500 watt. Dengan kenaikan setiap 500 watt. Metode injeksi syngas dari gasifier ke dalam ruang bakar menggunakan 1 nilai variasi yaitu bukaan full (100%). Pengujian dengan bukaan valve syngas 100% menghasilkan rata-rata nilai temperatur mesin, temperatur gas buang dan temperatur oli yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bukaan yang lain. Selain itu, hasil pengujian mesin 5000 watt dengan mode dual fuel (bio solar dan syngas) dilakukan scalling up saat diterapkan pada mesin PLTD Kolaka yang memiliki kapasitas 529 kW. Dari hasil perhitungan dihasilkan nilai penghematan penggunaan solar pada mesin PLTD 529 kW sebesar Rp. 165.006.317 per bulan. Biaya investasi awal yaitu sebesar Rp. 1.279.068.380. Sedangkan untuk pendapatan per tahunnya sebesar Rp. 2.771.392.047,09 deangan asumsi Capacity Faktor (CF 70%). Sehingga didapatkan nilai Break Event Point (BEP) selama 1 tahun. Selain itu juga dihasilkan penurunan Nilai dekarbonisasi dengan cara pemanfaatan syngas dari biomassa woodchip sebagai bahan bakar pada mesin dual fuel kapasitas 529 kW yang beroperasi selama 12 jam setiap hari didapatkan 17 ton CO2/tahun atau sebesar Rp. 510.058,83. Kata kunci: Biomassa, Woodchips, Diesel Dual Fuel, Gasifikasi tiga tingkat, Syngas. = The increasing amount of energy demand in various sectors means that the use of energy sources can no longer depend on fossil energy sources, the number of which is decreasing. The decline in fossil energy supply has increased the development of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources, such as biomass. The biomass raw material used is woodchip which has the characteristics of water content 8.4%, volatile solid 74.19%, ash content 1.34%, carbon content 16.07%, hydrogen content 0.0479%, nitrogen 0.4372% , carbon monoxide 0.1701%, methane 0.049%, oxygen 0.1622% and a heating value of 3,907 Kcal/kg. The process of processing biomass into syngas is carried out through a gasification process. Gasification is the process of converting woodchips into syngas in the form of a gas phase using a three-stage gasification method. Furthermore, the syngas is used as fuel in a dual fuel diesel engine combined with bio diesel fuel. In this research, a 5 kW diesel engine was used as an experimental tool to determine the performance produced by a dual fuel diesel engine when dual fuel is injected, namely bio diesel and syngas. The gasifier used in the gasification process of woodchip biomass raw materials has the best water ratio characteristics between the pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction zones, namely 1:7:2. The results of tests that have been carried out with an air ratio setting of 1:7:2 can produce the best diesel engine performance with the engine speed being stable at 3000 rpm and the average voltage at each load change being 250 volts. Load variations for dual fuel diesel engine testing are carried out from a load of 0 watts to a load of 4,500 watts. With an increase of every 500 watts. The syngas injection method from the gasifier into the combustion chamber uses 1 variation value, namely full opening (100%). Testing with 100% syngas valve opening resulted in higher average values of engine temperature, exhaust gas temperature and oil temperature compared to other openings. Apart from that, the test results of a 5000 watt engine with dual fuel mode (bio diesel and syngas) were scaled up when applied to the Kolaka PLTD engine which has a capacity of 529 kW. From the calculation results, the savings value for using diesel fuel on a 529 kW PLTD engine is Rp. 165,006,317 per month. The initial investment cost is IDR. 1,279,068,380. Meanwhile, the annual income is Rp. 2,771,392,047.09 assuming Capacity Factor (CF 70%). So we get the Break Event Point (BEP) value for 1 year. Apart from that, a decrease in decarbonization value was also produced by utilizing syngas from woodchip biomass as fuel in a dual fuel engine with a capacity of 529 kW which operates for 12 hours every day, resulting in 17 tons of CO2/year or Rp. 510,058.83. Key words: Biomass, Woodchips, Diesel Dual Fuel, Three-stage gasification, Syngas.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biomassa, Woodchips, Diesel Dual Fuel, Gasifikasi tiga tingkat, Syngas |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Hasanuddin Hasanuddin |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Aug 2024 17:49 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Aug 2024 17:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114134 |
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