Studi Pengaruh Perubahan Susunan Nozel pada Vacuum Dryer Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Moisture Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Prasetio, Sandi (2024) Studi Pengaruh Perubahan Susunan Nozel pada Vacuum Dryer Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Moisture Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) merupakan minyak sawit mentah yang didapatkan dari bagian mesocarp buah kelapa sawit melalui proses pengepresan. Salah satu baku mutu yang menjadi parameter kualitas CPO adalah moisture. Jenis kerusakan yang paling mendominasi penyebab turunnya kualitas CPO adalah moisture yang tinggi. Penurunan moisture dapat dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan alat pengering minyak sawit atau disebut vacuum dryer. Pada mesin vacuum dryer, terdapat tabung hampa udara dan sejumlah nozel injektor. Vacuum dryer yang ada saat ini dirasa kurang optimal karena masih sering tingginya moisture CPO, dengan posisi nozel pada susunan lurus sehingga jarak antar nozel rapat. Untuk itu diperlukan alternatif desain dengan berbagai variasi susunan nozel pada vacuum dryer sehingga jarak nozel bisa bervariasi sesuai desain ruang vacuum dryer.
Pengaruh variasi diameter susunan nozel terhadap penurunan moisture CPO akan diteliti pada vacuum dryer. CPO dengan kandungan moisture dialirkan ke dalam vacuum dryer melalui nozel injektor. Sprayer nozel dalam tabung vacuum dryer, selanjutnya terjadi evaporasi moisture pada tekanan rendah dibawah 1 atmosfer. Untuk mendapatkan hasil optimal, maka akan dilakukan pengujian jarak nozel yang berbeda pada vacuum dryer dengan variasi diameter susunan nozel 290 mm, 380 mm, 470 mm, 560 mm, dan 650 mm dengan sudut antar nozel 25,71° dari titik pusat tabung vacuum dryer. Penelitian ini dimulai dari tahap perancangan, pembuatan model preliminer, studi numerik, pembuatan prototipe, dan studi eksperimen.
Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap vacuum dryer ini, kandungan moisture terbukti ada perubahan pada setiap susunan nozel. Penurunan kandungan moisture yang paling optimal terjadi pada diameter susunan nozel 650 mm yang ditunjukkan dengan jumlah pembentukan volume fraction of vapor. Efisiensi mesin vacuum dryer dalam menurunkan kandungan moisture dipengaruhi oleh diameter susunan nozel atau jarak antar nozel pada vacuum dryer. Berdasarkan eksperimen didapatkan efisiensi mesin vacuum dryer bisa mencapai 65,67 %.
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CPO is crude palm oil obtained from the mesocarp part of the oil palm fruit through a pressing process. One of the quality standards that is a parameter for the quality of CPO is water content. The type of damage that most dominates the cause of the decline in the quality of CPO is high moisture content. Reducing moisture can be done by optimizing a palm oil dryer or called a vacuum dryer. In a vacuum dryer machine, there is a vacuum tube and a number of injector nozzles. The current vacuum dryer is considered less than optimal because the CPO moisture is often high, with the nozzles positioned in a straight line so that the distance between the nozzles is tight. For this reason, an alternative design is needed with various nozzle arrangements on the vacuum dryer so that the nozzle distance can vary according to the design of the vacuum dryer chamber.
The effect of varying the diameter of the nozzle arrangement on reducing CPO moisture will be investigated in a vacuum dryer. CPO with moisture content is flowed into the vacuum dryer through the injector nozzle. Sprayer nozzle in a vacuum dryer tube, then evaporation of the moisture occurs at low pressure below 1 atmosphere. To get optimal results, different nozzle distances will be tested on the vacuum dryer with variations in the diameter of the nozzle arrangement of 290 mm, 380 mm, 470 mm, 560 mm, and 650 mm with an angle between the nozzles of 25.71o from the center point of the vacuum dryer tube. This research starts from the design stage, making a preliminary model, numerical studies, prototype making, and experimental studies.
From the results of research conducted on this vacuum dryer, it was proven that the moisture content changes with each nozzle arrangement. The most optimal reduction in moisture content occurs at a nozzle arrangement diameter of 650 mm which is indicated by the amount of vapor volume fraction formation. The efficiency of a vacuum dryer machine in reducing moisture content is influenced by the diameter of the nozzle arrangement or the distance between the nozzles on the vacuum dryer. Based on experiments, it was found that the efficiency of the vacuum dryer machine could reach 65,67 %.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CPO, moisture, vacuum dryer, nozel, sprayer, jarak nozel, susunan nozel, volume fraction of vapor
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ935 Pipe--Fluid dynamics. Tubes--Fluid dynamics
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Sandi Prasetio
Date Deposited:	08 Aug 2024 03:06
Last Modified:	08 Aug 2024 03:06
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114206

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