Implementasi Aditif Berbasis Mineral (Aluminum dan MgO base) Untuk Mengatasi Slagging Fouling pada Co-firing Limbah Sawit di Boiler Type Pulverizer

Hariana, Hariana (2024) Implementasi Aditif Berbasis Mineral (Aluminum dan MgO base) Untuk Mengatasi Slagging Fouling pada Co-firing Limbah Sawit di Boiler Type Pulverizer. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah sawit merupakan biomassa yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dijadikan co-firing karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah, terutama di negara-negara tropis. Setiap bagian dari limbah sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku biomassa untuk pembakaran bersama dengan batubara. Namun permasalahan terkait abu yang timbul dari limbah sawit perlu diatasi karena kandungan alkali dan alkali tanah yang tinggi, yang dapat menyebabkan masalah slagging-fouling pada boiler, sehingga mengganggu kinerja dan efisiensinya. Pada penelitian ini, pertama uji karakteristik, termasuk suhu fusi abu dan pertimbangan nilai kalor. Selanjutnya akan dilakukan uji pembakaran skala laboratorium terhadap seluruh bagian limbah sawit, antara lain batang sawit, pelepah sawit, EFB sawit, serabut sawit, daun sawit, dan cangkang inti sawit. Dari seluruh bagian sawit yang diuji, dipilih kombinasi tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan pelepah sawit (frond) karena potensi ketersediaan yang melimpah dan belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Selanjutnya, campuran EFB dan pelepah sawit akan dicampur dengan tiga batubara dengan karakteristik bervariasi, dan dilakukan uji co-firing hingga 25% menggunakan drop tube furnace. Penambahan bahan aditif juga akan dikaji lebih lanjut untuk memperbaiki sifat abu yang mempunyai risiko tinggi terjadinya slagging dan fouling. Seluruh abu yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran tungku drop tube akan dianalisis lebih lanjut memakai SEM dan XRD untuk memperoleh hasil karakteristik morfologi dan mineral yang hasil tranformasi selama pembakaran.
Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada co-firing menggunakan biomassa limbah sawit, didapatkan bahwa risiko slagging dan fouling pada co-firing biomassa sawit bervariasi. Pada percobaan co-firing dengan EFB, frond, dan campuran EFB dan frond (EFFR) didapatkan hasil bahwa co-firing EFFR sampai 25% memiliki risiko slagging dan fouling lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan co-firing EFB 25% dan co-firing frond 25%. Pada percobaan perbandingan EFFR 25% dengan cacahan kayu, sekam padi dan solid recovered fuel (SRF) dengan komposisi yang sebanding, didapatkan co-firing biomassa cacahn kayu memiliki risiko slagging dan fouling paling rendah diikuti oleh co-firing EFFR, sekam padi, dan SRF. Pada percobaan co-firing EFFR 25% dengan menggunakan batubara yang memiliki komposisi abu yang berbeda, didapatkan hasil bahwa batubara dengan tipe abu bituminus memiliki resiko yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan batubara dengan tipe abu lignit.
Untuk penelitian mengenai keefektifan aditif didapatkan hasil bahwa aditif basis Al2O3 base, SiO2 base dan MgO base lebih efektif mengatasi slagging dan fouling pada batubara campuran dengan dosis komposisi 1%. Sedangkan untuk sampel co-firing antara batubara dengan kandungan sodium tinggi dan EFFR 25%, aditif yang efektif mengurangi resiko slagging dan fouling adalah aditif berbasis MgO base dengan dosis 1-6%, Al2O3 base dengan dosis 1% dan CaHPO4 base dengan dosis 1-3%.
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Palm oil waste is a biomass with significant potential for co-firing due to its abundant availability, especially in tropical countries. Any part of palm oil waste can be used as biomass feedstock for co-firing biomass - coal. However, the ash related problems arising from palm oil waste need to be addressed because of the high alkali and alkaline earth content, which can lead to slagging-fouling problems in boilers, disrupting their performance and efficiency. In this chapter, we will first conduct characteristic tests, including ash fusion and calorific value assessment. Subsequently, lab-scale combustion tests will be performed on all parts of palm oil waste, including palm stems, palm fronds, empty fruit bunches, palm fibers, palm leaves, and palm kernel shells. From all the tested palm parts, a combination of EFB (empty fruit bunch) and FRD (palm frond) is chosen due to their low slagging and fouling potential. Next, the EFB and FRD mixture will be blended with three coals with varying characteristics, up to 25%, and co-firing tests will be carried out using a drop tube furnace. The addition of additives will also be further studied to improve the ash properties with a high risk of slagging and fouling. All the ash produced from the drop tube furnace combustion will be analyzed further using SEM and XRD to examine the morphology and minerals formed during combustion.
From research that has been carried out on co-firing using palm oil waste biomass, it was found that the risk of slagging and fouling in co-firing of palm oil biomass varies. In co-firing experiments with EFB, frond, and a mixture of EFB and frond (EFFR), the results showed that co-firing EFFR up to 25% had a lower risk of slagging and fouling compared to co-firing EFB 25% and co-firing frond 25%. In comparison experiment of EFFR 25% with other biomass (wood chip, rice husk, and solid recovered fuel) with similar composition, it was found that co-firing wood biomass had the lowest risk of slagging and fouling, followed by EFFR, rice husks and SRF. In the 25% EFFR co-firing experiment using different coal with different ash compositions, the results showed that coal with bituminus ash type had a lower risk compared to coal with lignite ash type.
For research on the effectiveness of additives, the results showed that Al2O3, SiO2, and MgO base additives were more effective in dealing with slagging and fouling in blended coal with a composition dosage of 1%. Meanwhile, for co-firing samples between high sodium coal and EFFR 25%, the additives that are effective in reducing the risk of slagging and fouling are MgO-based additives at a dose of 1-6%, Al2O3 at a dose of 1% and CaHPO4 at a dose of 1-3%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	co-firing, biomassa sawit, slagging and fouling, aditif, co-firing, palm oil waste, slagging and fouling, additives
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ254.7 Combustion chambers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Hariana Hariana
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2024 08:34
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2024 08:34
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114403

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