Rafizio, Muhammad Enrico (2024) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Temperatur Ekstruder dan Persentase Aditif Kalsium Karbonat (CaCO3) Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Komposit Kayu Sintetis Plastik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Komposit kayu sintetis plastik menjadi salah satu invensi dari pemanfaatan sampah plastik, dengan penambahan serbuk kalsium karbonat (CaCO3), yang dikonversi menjadi material konstruksi sebagai alternatif pengganti kayu alami. Namun, kedua bahan baku ini memiliki tantangan dalam pembuatan komposit ini, antara lain karena setiap jenis plastik memiliki melting temperature dan degradation temperature yang berbeda, yang berpotensi menimbulkan campuran yang tidak homogen. Di sisi lain, CaCO3 yang berperan sebagai filler pada komposit ini, secara umum memang dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanik seperti kekuatan dan kekakuan komposit, tetapi pada jumlah yang berlebihan, hal ini justru dapat menurunkan sifat mekanik seperti flexural strength. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan eksperimen untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur ekstruder dan persentase aditif CaCO3 terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik kayu sintetis plastik.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan variasi temperatur ekstruder 150°C, 200°C, 250°C dan persentase CaCO3 10%, 20%, 30% dari total berat komposisi. Spesimen kayu sintetis plastik dibuat dari sampah low-value plastic yang dicampur dengan CaCO3, lalu dipanaskan dan dicetak menggunakan extruder. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi karakterisasi fisik (densitas, kadar air, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal) dan mekanik (compression & flexural testing) sesuai standar yang berlaku. Analisis morfologi menggunakan pengujian SEM juga dilakukan untuk mengamati distribusi partikel CaCO3 dalam matriks plastik. Pengujian FTIR dan XRD dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi dan fase kristal yang terbentuk. Eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk dengan compressive strength dan flexural strength dengan kode mutu terbaik (E25) berdasarkan SNI 7973:2013, serta mendapatkan hasil kadar air, daya serap air, dan pengembangan tebal, dengan nilai yang tidak melebihi standar yang ditentukan SNI 03-2105-96.
Diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa peningkatan persentase CaCO3 dan temperatur ekstruder cenderung meningkatkan densitas, compressive strength, compressive modulus, dan flexural strength kayu sintetis plastik. Namun, kadar air, daya serap air dan pengembangan tebal juga meningkat seiring bertambahnya CaCO3. Compressive strength tertinggi (29,81 MPa) dicapai pada variasi KSP-I (30% CaCO3, 250°C), sementara flexural strength tertinggi (35,19 MPa) diperoleh pada variasi KSP-E (20% CaCO3, 200°C). Dari aspek sifat fisik, variasi KSP-G (10% CaCO3, 250°C) memperoleh hasil terbaik karena memiliki kadar air, daya serap air, dan pengembangan tebal yang paling rendah dari seluruh variasi lainnya, serta memenuhi standar SNI 03-2105-96. Dari aspek sifat mekanik, variasi KSP-I (30% CaCO3, 250°C) adalah yang paling direkomendasikan karena menunjukkan mutu terbaik dalam semua aspek mekanik, antara lain compressive strength (E25), flexural strength (E25), dan flexural modulus (E19).
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Synthetic wood plastic composites have emerged as an innovative solution for utilizing plastic waste, with the addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder, converting it into construction materials as an alternative to natural wood. However, these raw materials present challenges in production, primarily because each type of plastic has different melting and degradation temperatures, potentially leading to non-homogeneous mixtures. While CaCO3 acts as a filler and generally enhances mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness, excessive amounts can reduce properties like flexural strength. Therefore, experiments are necessary to determine the effects of extruder temperature and CaCO3 percentage on the physical and mechanical properties of synthetic wood plastic.
This research uses experimental methods with variations in extruder temperatures of 150°C, 200°C, and 250°C and CaCO3 percentages of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total composition weight. The synthetic wood plastic specimens are made from low-value plastic waste mixed with CaCO3, then heated and molded using an extruder. Tests include physical characterization (density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling) and mechanical tests (compression and flexural testing) according to applicable standards. Morphological analysis using SEM testing observes the distribution of CaCO3 particles within the plastic matrix. FTIR and XRD tests identify functional groups and crystal phases formed. This experiment aims to produce products with the best compressive and flexural strength quality codes (E25) based on SNI 7973:2013 and to achieve moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling values that do not exceed the standards specified in SNI 03-2105-96.
Research results indicate that increasing the percentage of CaCO3 and the extruder temperature tends to enhance the density, compressive strength, compressive modulus, and flexural strength of synthetic wood plastic. However, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling also increase with higher CaCO3 content. The highest compressive strength (29.81 MPa) was achieved with the KSP-I variation (30% CaCO3, 250°C), while the highest flexural strength (35.19 MPa) was obtained with the KSP-E variation (20% CaCO3, 200°C). From a physical properties perspective, the KSP-G variation (10% CaCO3, 250°C) yielded the best results, having the lowest moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling among all variations, and meeting the SNI 03-2105-96 standards. From a mechanical properties perspective, the KSP-I variation (30% CaCO3, 250°C) is the most recommended, showing the best quality in all mechanical aspects, including compressive strength (E25), flexural strength (E25), and flexural modulus (E19).
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kayu sintetis plastik, Ekstruder, Kalsium Karbonat, Sampah Low-Value Plastic, Synthetic Wood Plastic Composite, Extruder, Calcium Carbonate, Low-Value Plastic Waste |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP245.C3 Calcium carbonate. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis |
Depositing User: | Muhammad Enrico Rafizio |
Date Deposited: | 09 Aug 2024 06:33 |
Last Modified: | 09 Aug 2024 06:33 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114601 |
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