Zuraida, . (2024) Permukiman Etnis Tionghoa Di Kota Tuban Sebagai Wujud Inklusifitas Budaya. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Keberterimaan merupakan aspek penting inklusifitas budaya dalam
masyarakat dengan nilai-nilai budaya beragam menuju kehidupan yang lebih
harmonis. Akulturasi budaya antar etnis sudah ada sejak dulu bukan berarti nilai
inklusif budaya sudah tercapai. Inklusif budaya tidak sekedar dinilai melalui
akulturasi budaya dan bentuk-bentuk arsitektur saja, namun perlu adanya persepsi
inklusif secara budaya yang diungkapkan oleh masyarakat yang beragam. Tujuan
penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan wujud permukiman etnis Tionghoa di Kota
Tuban yang inklusif secara budaya, mengungkapkan keberterimaan masyarakat
terhadap wujud simbol budaya yang beragam dalam permukiman etnis Tionghoa
di Kota Tuban, dan merumuskan model konseptual permukiman etnis Tionghoa di
Kota Tuban yang inklusif secara budaya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma naturalistik dengan metode
campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Strategi studi kasus yang dilakukan pada
pemukiman etnis Tionghoa di Kota Tuban (Kelurahan Kutorejo, Sendangharjo,
Ronggomulyo dan Kingking). Pengambilan data melalui observasi, kuesioner dan
wawancara mendalam, yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis skala likert. Data
kuesioner diambil secara acak dari empat permukiman, terkait aspek budaya,
arsitektur, persepsi budaya dan isu bahasa. Skala likert 1 diambil dari partisipan
yang dapat mempersepsikan aspek arsitektur, sosial, budaya, sedangkan Skala
Likert 2 mempersepsikan aspek agama, tata nilai budaya, hubungan sosial dan
artefak budaya yang terungkap melalui elemen-elemen penanda dalam
permukiman. Hasil analisis kuantitatif dapat menentukan tingkat keberterimaan
budaya beragam, sedangkan hasil analisis kualitatif divalidasi dengan proses
triangulasi untuk menemukan wujud permukiman yang inklusif secara budaya dan
tingkat keberterimaan.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permukiman etnis Tionghoa di
Kota Tuban yang inklusif secara budaya diwujudkan melalui akulturasi budaya,
nilai historis, ruang bersama, seting hunian dan simbol budaya. Model konseptual
merepresentasikan konsep hubungan dan derajat keberterimaan dari unsur inklusif.
Konsep fungsi setiap unsur inklusif menggambarkan peran masing-masing etnis
dalam menciptakan kondisi inklusif melalui potensi dan kendala. Semakin kuat
potensi dari unsur inklusif maka akan menentukan posisi teratas dalam
keberterimaan. Unsur inklusif akulturasi budaya dan nilai historis memiliki potensi
yang sangat kuat dalam mewujudkan kondisi inklusif. Keberadaan ruang bersama
dan simbol budaya memiliki potensi dan kendala, sedangkan seting hunian hanya
memiliki kendala dalam mewujudkan kondisi inklusif. Sub unsur inklusif juga
menunjukkan kuat lemahnya potensi dan kendala. Sub unsur pada etnis selainvi
Tionghoa menunjukkan bahwa kendala hanya ditemukan pada nilai-nilai budaya
namun nilainya sangat kecil, sedangkan etnis Tionghoa setiap sub unsur
menunjukkan adanya kendala khususnya pada sub komponen nilai-nilai budaya.
Model konseptual ini dapat digunakan di permukiman etnis Tionghoa lain yang
memiliki karakteristik yang sama atau hampir sama dengan permukiman etnis
Tionghoa Kota Tuban.
Kontribusi penelitian ini terhadap pengembangan teori inklusif budaya
dalam lingkup ilmu arsitektur, khususnya pada permukiman etnis Tionghoa bahwa
(1) Inklusif budaya pada permukiman etnis Tionghoa dapat terwujud dengan
adanya akulturasi budaya, nilai-nilai historis, penggunaan ruang bersama,
keragaman simbol budaya dan seting hunian yang tanpa pembatas/gate, tanpa
pengelompokan dan kedekatan jarak rumah antar etnis yang berbeda. (2) Sebagai
pedoman dalam desain permukiman kota yang inklusif secara budaya khususnya
permukiman etnis Tionghoa yang saat ini lebih banyak menunjukkan kondisi yang
tidak inklusif
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Acceptance is an important aspect of cultural inclusiveness in a society
with diverse cultural values towards a more harmonious life. Cultural acculturation
between ethnic groups has existed for a long time, which does not mean that cultural
inclusiveness has been achieved. Cultural inclusiveness is not only assessed through
cultural acculturation and architectural forms, but there needs to be a culturally
inclusive perception expressed by diverse ethnic communities. The aim of this
research is to discover the form of ethnic Chinese settlements in Tuban City that are
culturally inclusive, reveal the community's acceptance of the various forms of
cultural symbols in ethnic Chinese settlements in Tuban City, and develop a
conceptual model of ethnic Chinese settlements in Tuban City that is culturally
inclusive.
This research uses a naturalistic paradigm with mixed qualitative and
quantitative methods. Case study strategy carried out in ethnic Chinese settlements
in Tuban City (Kutorejo, Sendangharjo, Ronggomulyo and Kingking Subdistricts).
Data were collected through observation, questionnaires and in-depth interviews,
followed by Likert scale analysis. Questionnaire data was taken randomly from four
settlements, related to cultural aspects, architecture, cultural perceptions and
language issues. Likert scale 1 is taken from participants who can perceive
architectural, social and cultural aspects, while Likert Scale 2 perceives religious
aspects, cultural values, social relations and cultural artifacts which are revealed
through marker elements in settlements. The results of quantitative analysis can
determine the level of acceptance of various cultures, while the results of qualitative
analysis are validated with a triangulation process to find forms of culturally
inclusive settlements and levels of acceptance.
The results of this research show that culturally inclusive ethnic Chinese
organizations in Tuban City are realized through cultural acculturation, historical
values, shared spaces, housing settings and cultural symbols. The concept model
represents the concept of relationships and the degree of acceptability of inclusive
elements. The concept of the function of each inclusive element describes the role
of each ethnicity in creating inclusive conditions through potential and constraints.
The stronger the potential of the inclusive element, the more it will determine the
top position in acceptance. Not inclusive, cultural acculturation and historical
values have very strong potential in creating inclusive conditions. The existence of
shared spaces and cultural symbols has potential and obstacles, while residential
arrangements only have obstacles in realizing inclusive conditions. The subelements included also show the strengths, weaknesses, potentials and constraints.
The sub-elements for ethnicities other than Chinese show that the obstacles are only
in cultural values but their value is very small, while for ethnic Chinese each subviii
element shows that there are obstacles, especially in the cultural values subcomponent. This context model can be used in other ethnic Chinese organizations
that have the same or almost the same characteristics as the ethnic Chinese
organizations of Tuban City.
The contribution of this research to the development of cultural inclusive
theory within the scope of architectural science, especially in ethnic Chinese
settlements is that (1) Cultural inclusion in ethnic Chinese settlements can be
realized by the presence of cultural acculturation, historical values, use of shared
space, diversity of cultural symbols and residential settings without barriers/gates,
without groupings and close proximity of houses between different ethnicities. (2)
As a guideline in designing culturally inclusive urban settlements, especially ethnic
Chinese settlements, which currently show more non-inclusive conditions
Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Inklusif, Keberterimaan, Akulturasi, Budaya, Permukiman, Tionghoa |
Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Architecture > 23001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
Depositing User: | Zuraida Zuraida |
Date Deposited: | 07 Aug 2024 07:25 |
Last Modified: | 07 Aug 2024 07:25 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114769 |
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