Rancang Bangun Serial Filter Purifikasi (H2S, CO2, H2O) dan Peningkatan Kualitas Biogas (CH4)

Hafizhah, Nabilah Al (2024) Rancang Bangun Serial Filter Purifikasi (H2S, CO2, H2O) dan Peningkatan Kualitas Biogas (CH4). Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kandungan biogas yang dihasilkan dari ekstraksi limbah organik dalam bioreaktor tidak 100% mengandung metana. Terdapat gas-gas pengotor didalamnya seperti CO2 bersifat beracun, H2O bersifat korosif, dan H2S dapat menimbulkan hujan asam (H2SO4). Umumnya filter menggunakan water scrubber yaitu proses pemurnian biogas dengan cara menyemprotkan air dari atas dan mengalirkan biogas dari bawah. Proses ini kurang efektif karena kontak air dengan biogas butuh waktu cukup lama dan permukaan yang luas. Cara ini tidak dapat mengurangi kadar H2O dan tidak dapat menjaga kestabilan dari kadar gas metana. Oleh karena itu dilakukan rancang bangun serial filter purifikasi dengan mensejajarkan 4 filter yaitu filter pertama mengurangi H2S dengan spons besi, filter kedua berisi air untuk mengurangi CO2, filter ketiga berisi air untuk meningkatkan gas metana, dan filter keempat berisi silika gel untuk mengurangi H2O. Terdapat jalur pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah proses filter. Penggunaan alat ukur gas Testo 350 dan alat ukur kelembaban udara Elitech GSP-6 dapat memudahkan pengukuran berlangsung dan nilai akan tertampil pada layar secara realtime. Hasil pengujian single filter yaitu 150 g spons besi efektif mengurangi H2S hanya 0,42% saja. 500 mL air efektif mengurangi CO2 hingga 69,34% dan H2S hingga 99,74%. 250 g silika gel efektif mengurangi H2O hingga 87,25%. Adapun hasil pengujian keseluruhan serial filter purifikasi efektif menurunkan H₂S hingga 99,82%, CO₂ hingga 80,32%, H₂O hingga 91,44% dan meningkatkan CH4 sebesar 71,19%. Bau belerang yang khas dari biogas berkurang secara signifikan setelah proses purifikasi. Warna nyala api yang awalnya kuning berubah menjadi biru menunjukkan pembakaran yang lebih efisien dan bersih.
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The content of biogas produced from the extraction of organic waste in the bioreactor is not 100% methane. There are impurity gases in it such as CO2 is toxic, H2O is corrosive, and H2S can cause acid rain (H2SO4). Generally, filters use a water scrubber, which is a biogas purification process by spraying water from above and flowing biogas from below. This process is less effective because water contact with biogas takes a long time and a large surface. This method cannot reduce H2O levels and cannot maintain the stability of methane gas levels. Therefore, a serial purification filter design was carried out by aligning 4 filters, namely the first filter reduces H2S with an iron sponge, the second filter contains water to reduce CO2, the third filter contains water to increase methane gas, and the fourth filter contains silica gel to reduce H2O. There is a measurement path before and after the filter process. The use of a Testo 350 gas gauge and an Elitech GSP-6 air humidity gauge can make it easier for measurements to take place and the value will be displayed on the screen in real time. The single filter test results are 150 g of iron sponge effectively reduces H2S only 0.42%. 500 mL of water effectively reduces CO2 by 69.34% and H2S by 99.74%. 250 g of silica gel effectively reduces H2O up to 87.25%. The overall test results of the purification filter series effectively reduced H₂S by 99.82%, CO₂ by 80.32%, H₂O by 91.44% and increased CH4 by 71.19%. The characteristic sulfur smell of biogas was significantly reduced after the purification process. The color of the flame from yellow to blue indicates more efficient and cleaner combustion.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biogas, serial filter, purifikasi, H2S, CO2, H2O, serial filter, purification
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC162 Adsorption and absorption Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD117 Absorption T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP245.S5 Silica gel. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering
Depositing User:	Nabilah Al Hafizhah
Date Deposited:	20 Aug 2024 01:49
Last Modified:	20 Aug 2024 01:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/114941

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