., Balkhaya (2016) PENGARUH JENIS BAHAN DAN PROSES PENGERASAN TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN KETAHANAN AUS PISAU TEMPA MANUAL. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Komponen pemotong banyak dijumpai pada mesin-mesin pertanian dan pengolahan makanan. Kemampuan komponen pemotong ditentukan oleh kualitas bahan dan metode pembuatan yang digunakan. Komunitas knife making mengenal dua metode pembuatan pisau yang berkulitas yaitu metode damaskus dan pattern welding. Kedua metode tersebut sama dengan metode yang digunakan pende besi tradisional namun berbeda dari segi bahan yang digunakan. Pande besi tradisional memproduksi piasu dengan pengetahuan metalurgi yang terbatas, sehingga pisau-pisau yang dihasilkan berkualitas rendah. Secara teori, kualitas pisau produksi pande besi tradisional dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara pemilihan bahan, proses pembuatan, perlakuan panas serta finishing yang tepat.
Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengamati pengaruh jenis bahan dan proses pengerasan terhadap kekerasan dan ketahan aus pisau tempa manual. Jenis bahan yang ditempa adalah baja AISI 1050, AISI 4340, baja AISI L-6, dan baja JIS SUP 9. Pembuatan pisau dilakukan dengan cara pemanasan bahan mencapai temperatur berkisar antara 900-950oC kemudian ditempa berulang-ulang secara manual sampai penurunan temperatur berkisar antara 650-675oC. Pemanasan dan penampaan dilakukan beberapa siklus untuk membentuk sebuah pisau. Pengerasan dilakukan dengan cara memanaskan pisau mencapai temperatur austenisasi, kemudian dilakukan pendingin cepat (quenching) dengan menggunakan media pendingin air. Pengujian kekerasan dan pengamatan struktur mikro dilakukan pada permukaan dan penampang pisau sedangkan pengujian keausan dilakukan pada sisi tajam.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan dan ketahanan aus dipengaruhi oleh jenis bahan dan proses perlakuan. Proses pengerasan dapat meningkatkan nilai kekerasan dan menurunkan laju keausan. Kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh pada pisau baja JIS SUP 9 dangan pengerasan menggunakan tungku elektrik adalah sebesar 62 HRC di permukaan dan 60,2 HRC di penampang dan laju keausan terendah sebesar 2,27x10-5 mm3/Nm diperoleh pada pisau baja AISI L-6 dengan pengerasan menggunakan tungku elektrik. Pengamatan struktur mikro pada jenis bahan pisau setelah dikeraskan menunjukkan bahwa pada permukaan dan penampang didominasi oleh struktur martensit dan sedikit austenit sisa. ================================== There are many kinds of cutting devices in machinery and food processing
equipment. The quality of the cutting component depends on the material
characteristics and its production method. Traditionally, a blacksmith uses manual
forging to make a knife. Com
monly knives produced by traditional blacksmiths
have poor quality, i.e. soft and blunt. There are two common methods to make the
traditional blade, i.e. pattern welding and Damascus method. The pattern welding
process consists of forge
two dissimilar stee
ls to have a
combined properties of
the
knife. While the Damascus method forges a single bar of steel with engineered
composition. Theoretically knife’s quality which produced by blacksmith can be
improved with right material choice, good manufacturing
process, and perfect
finishing process. In this work, we study the traditional forging method done by
the local blacksmith to make a knife from a various composition of the steel. Our
goal was to know the process parameter to control the hardness and wear
resistance of the blades. Materials used in this work were steels with different
chemical compositions, i.e. JIS SUP 9, AISI L6, AISI 1050 and AISI 4340. The
forging process was in high
-
temperature ranges of hot work process using the
hammer. The forging temperature was between 650 to 950oC. Hardening process on the sharp side was done with heat up the knife to 800oC then quenching to
room temperature. Hardness measurement and metallographic examination were done on the surface side and cross-section of the knife, whereas the wear test conducted on the sharp side. The results showed that the hardness and wear
resistance is influenced by the type of material and treatment process. Hardening process can increase the hardness and lower wear rate. The highest hardness obtained on steel blades JIS SUP 9 with hardening using an electric furnace is about to 62 HRC and 60,2 HRC on the surface in cross-section and low wear rate is about 2,27x10-5mm3/Nm obtained on AISI steel blade L-6 with hardening using electric furnaces. Observation of microstructure on knife material is after hardening process showed that on the surface and cross section is dominated by a martensite structure and a bit of retained austenite.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | blacksmith, forging, knife, heat treatment, hardness, wear resistance, pande besi, tempa, pisau, perlakuan panas, kekerasan, ketahanan aus. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | BALKHAYA - - |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2017 08:58 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Dec 2018 02:42 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/1150 |
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