Pemanfaatan Cangkang Inti Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Adsorben Dalam Penurunan Konsentrasi Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg)

Qotrunnadha, Zannuba (2022) Pemanfaatan Cangkang Inti Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Adsorben Dalam Penurunan Konsentrasi Logam Berat Merkuri (Hg). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran akibat logam berat merkuri sangat membahayakan manusia dan juga lingkungan. Pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan metode adsorpsi. Penggunaan cangkang inti kelapa sawit sebagai alternatif adsorben karena berlimpahnya ketersediaan, didukung kemampuan adsorpsi yang baik, serta ramah lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis karakteristik adsorben cangkang inti kelapa sawit sebelum dan setelah melalui proses aktivasi dan menganalisis kemampuan kapasitas adsorpsi logam Hg dari cangkang kelapa sawit. Dengan variasi dua jenis aktivator (H3PO4 dan NaOH), variasi ukuran adsorben (lolos ukuran 50 mesh dan 100 mesh) serta variasi waktu kontak (30 dan 60 menit). Proses pemanfaatan cangkang inti kelapa sawit sebagai adsorben dimulai dengan proses karbonisasi dengan suhu 650 oC selama 2 jam, kemudian dihancurkan dan dilakukan pengayakan dengan lolos ukuran 50 mesh dan 100 mesh. Selanjutnya masuk kepada proses aktivasi, arang yang sudah dihasilkan dari proses karbonisasi direndam menggunakan NaOH 0,1 N dan H3PO4 0,1 N selama 24 jam kemudian disaring. Hasil dari penyaringan dan penirisan adsorben selanjutnya dicuci dengan akuades dan dikeringkan dengan oven suhu 105oC. Tahap selanjutnya sampel larutan merkuri dengan konsentrasi 10 mg/L ditambahkan sebanyak 1 gram adsorben sesuai waktu kontak dan dilakukan penyaringan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis karakteristik cangkang inti kelapa sawit berdasarkan SNI Nomor 06-3730-95 meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang dan karbon tetap dan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan kapasitas adsorpsi logam Hg, hasil penyaringan (adsorbat) dilakukan pengukuran konsentrasi akhir menggunakan spektrofotometri serapan atom. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah data karakteristik arang aktif cangkang
inti kelapa sawit yang diaktivasi oleh H3PO4 dan NaOH sesuai dengan SNI 06-3730-95. Karbon aktif teraktivasi H3PO4 memiliki kadar air sebesar 10,1 – 12,0 %, kandungan kadar abu sebesar 6,2 – 7,9 %, kandungan kadar zat terbang sebesar 11,3 – 11,6 %, dan kandungan karbon tetapnya sebesar 70,2 – 70,8%. Untuk karbon aktif teraktivasi NaOH memiliki kadar air sebesar 9,5 – 11,4 %, kandungan kadar abu sebesar 5,8 – 7,6 %, kandungan kadar zat terbang sebesar 11,3 – 14, %, dan kandungan karbon tetapnya sebesar 68,8 – 71,6%. Sementara untuk karbon aktif tanpa perlakuan aktivasi kimia karakteristiknya belum memenuhi standar kualitas arang aktif karena nilai kadar abu, kadar zat terbang dan karbon tetapnya tidak sesuai dengan standar kualitasnya. Hasil yang juga diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah kemampuan adsorpsi karbon aktif cangkang inti kelapa sawit teraktivasi H3PO4 dan NaOH adalah sebesar 2,49 mg/g dengan efisiensi removal mencapai ± 99,7 %. Untuk karbon aktif tanpa perlakuan aktivasi kimia, diperoleh kapasitas adsorpsinya sebesar 2,38 mg/g dengan efisiensi removal mencapai 95,3 % pada waktu kontak 60 menit dan ukuran adsorben 100 mesh.
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Pollution due to heavy metals like mercury is very dangerous for humans and the environment. To subdue it, one of the things we can do is by using the adsorption method. The palm kernel shell as an alternative adsorbent is due to its abundant availability, supported by good adsorption capabilities, and is environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the oil palm kernel shell adsorbent before and after going through the activation process and to analyze the adsorption capacity of Hg metal from oil palm shells. With variations of two types of activators (H3PO4 and NaOH), variations in the size of the adsorbent (passing the size of 50 mesh and 100 mesh), and variations in contact time (30 and 60 minutes). The process of utilizing palm kernel shells as an adsorbent begins with the carbonization process at a temperature of 650 oC for 2 hours, followed by crushing and sifting to sizes of 50 mesh and 100 mesh. Next, in the activation process, the charcoal that has been produced from the carbonization process is soaked using 0.1 N NaOH and 0.1 N H3PO4 for 24 hours and then filtered. The result of filtering and draining the adsorbent was then washed with distilled water and dried in an oven at 105oC. The mercury solution sample with a concentration of 10 mg/L is then added as much as 1 gram of adsorbent per contact time and filtered. The method used to analyze the characteristics of palm kernel shells based on SNI Number 06-3730-95 includes water content, ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon and uses a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The method used to measure the
adsorption capacity of Hg metal, the filtered result (adsorbate) then being measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to obtain the final concentration. The results obtained from this research are data on the characteristics of palm kernel shell activated carbon, those activated by H3PO4 and NaOH are in accordance with SNI 06-3730-95. Activated carbon using H3PO4 has a moisture content of 10.1 – 12.0%, an ash content of 6.2 – 7.9%, a volatile matter content of 11.3 – 11.6%, and a fixed carbon content of 70,2 – 70.8%. Activated carbon using NaOH has water content of 9.5 – 11.4%, ash content of 5.8 – 7.6%, and volatile matter content of 11.3 – 14. %, and fixed carbon content of 68,8 – 71.6%. Meanwhile, for activated carbon without chemical activation treatment, its characteristics do not meet the quality standards of activated charcoal because the values of ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon are not in accordance with the quality standards. The result also obtained from this research is the adsorption ability of activated carbon of palm kernel shell activated by H3PO4 and NaOH is 2.49 mg/g with removal efficiency reaching ± 99.7%. The activated carbon without chemical activation treatment, the adsorption capacity was 2.38 mg/g with removal efficiency reaching 95.3% at contact time of 60 minutes and adsorbent size of 100 mesh.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSL 628.357 Qot p-1 2022
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Adsorpsi, Aktivasi, Cangkang inti kelapa sawit, Logam berat, Merkuri (Hg), Adsorption, Activation, Palm kernel shell, Heavy metal, Mercury (Hg)
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr. Marsudiyana -
Date Deposited:	02 Dec 2024 07:11
Last Modified:	02 Dec 2024 07:11
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/115870

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