Analisis Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Menggunakan Regresi Data Panel

Putri, Farhana (2025) Analisis Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Menggunakan Regresi Data Panel. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) merupakan provinsi yang dikenal sebagai pusat kebudayaan dan pendidikan. Provinsi ini mengalami kemajuan dalam bidang pembangunan manusia maupun ekonominya. Namun, dibalik keistimewaan dan kemajuan yang ada, Provinsi DIY mengalami permasalahan serius mengenai ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Provinsi DIY secara konsisten selama tujuh tahun terakhir menjadi provinsi tertinggi tingkat ketimpangan distribusi pendapatannya di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, kemajuan yang ada menjadi kurang adil karena tidak dapat dinikmati oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Ketimpangan yang terjadi ini seharusnya menjadi perhatian. Menyadari dampak buruk dari ketimpangan, United Nations memasukkan isu ini ke dalam Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di Provinsi DIY kategori kurang merata juga berfluktuasi menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah belum mampu dalam menentukkan kebijakan untuk menurunkan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di daerahnya. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan analisis mengenai faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di Provinsi DIY. Variabel yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan yakni pendidikan, kesehatan, upah minimum, pajak daerah, serta tingkat pengangguran. Ukuran ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan pada penelitian ini menggunakan rasio gini. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah metode regresi data panel. Regresi data panel merupakan model regresi yang mampu mempelajari dinamika perubahan serta mengukur dampak yang tidak dapat dideteksi apabila sekadar menggunakan data cross section maupun data time series. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model terbaik adalah FEM individu dengan kebaikan model sebesar 77,99%. Variabel yang signifikan terhadap ketimpangan adalah tingkat pengangguran.
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The Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) is known as a center of culture and education in Indonesia. The province has experienced progress in both human development and its economy. However, behind this distinctiveness and advancement, DIY faces a serious issue regarding income distribution inequality. DIY has consistently been the province with the highest level of income distribution inequality in Indonesia for the past seven years. As a result, the existing progress is less equitable, as it cannot be enjoyed by all layers of society. This inequality should be of concern. Recognizing the adverse effects of inequality, the United Nations included this issue in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Income distribution inequality in DIY, which falls into the category of unequal distribution, also fluctuates, indicating that the government has yet to effectively implement policies to reduce income inequality in the region. Therefore, an analysis was conducted to identify the factors affecting income distribution inequality in DIY. The variables that are suspected to affect income distribution inequality are education, health, minimum wage, local taxes, and unemployment rate. The measure of income distribution inequality in this study uses the Gini ratio. The method used for analysis is panel data regression, which is capable of studying dynamic changes and measuring impacts that cannot be detected by cross-sectional or time-series data alone. The analysis results indicate that the best model is the individual Fixed Effects Model (FEM), with a model fit of 77.99%. The variables found to significantly affect inequality is unemployment rate.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Gini Ratio, Panel Data Regression, Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Individual FEM, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Rasio Gini, Regresi Data Panel, FEM Individu
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HC Economic History and Conditions > HC79.I5 Income distribution
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 49501-Business Statistics
Depositing User:	Farhana Putri
Date Deposited:	22 Jan 2025 03:12
Last Modified:	22 Jan 2025 03:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/116572

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