Wirawan, Kadek Putra Puja (2025) Kinerja Terminal Internasional Pelabuhan Benoa: Penilaian Environment, Social, Governance (ESG) Menggunakan Pendekatan System Dynamics. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penerimaan kunjungan wisatawan luar negeri ke Indonesia melalui kapal pesiar meningkat setiap tahunnya. Menanggapi hal tersebut, pemerintah mulai mengembangkan proyek Bali Maritime Tourism Hub (BMTH) untuk meningkatkan pelayanan pada terminal penerimaan kapal pesiar pada Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali. Pengembangan Terminal Internasional Pelabuhan Benoa tidak hanya terkait infrastruktur, tetapi perlu mempertimbangkan aspek environmental, social, and governance (ESG) yang berdampak secara langsung pada kinerja pelayanan terminal. Penilaian ESG dapat dibagi ke dalam banyak faktor, terutama dalam operasi pelayanan terminal yang begitu dinamis. Mengetahui faktor dan hubungan diantara faktor tersebut menjadi penting untuk mengetahui apa dan bagaimana faktor dalam ESG memengaruhi kinerja terminal. Pemahaman terhadap hubungan setiap faktor dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan System Dynamics sebagai metode untuk mensimulasikan hubungan setiap faktor dalam sistem yang dinamis seperti dalam operasi pelayanan di terminal. Sistem pelayanan kompleks yang melibatkan banyak faktor pada terminal penumpang dapat dianalisis menggunakan System Dynamics untuk kemudian diketahui pengaruh dari faktor-faktor tersebut terhadap kinerja pelayanan di Terminal internasional Pelabuhan Benoa. Faktor pengukur kinerja pelayanan terminal adalah waktu embarkasi dan debarkasi penumpang, dimana faktor environment, social, governance (ESG) yang dapat mengukur nilai keberlanjutan di terminal adalah konsumsi energi (energy consumption; environment), polusi udara (air pollution; environment), nilai tata kelola pelabuhan (governance score; governance), dan index kepuasan pegawai (employee satisfaction index; social). Faktor ini kemudian dibentuk dalam causal loop diagram (CLD) untuk mengetahui hubungan dari setiap faktor dalam sistem. Faktor yang dipetakan dalam CLD, selanjutnya disimulasikan dalam stock flow diagram yang menghasilkan nilai simulasi sistem dari tahun 2024-2030. Model dasar kemudian dikembangkan dalam skenario pengembangan BMTH dan optimalisasi dari faktor-faktor ESG tersebut. Hasil simulasi skenario menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan performa dalam waktu pelayanan debarkasi dan embarkasi, dimana dalam kondisi normal didapatkan waktu 3,02 jam dengan total penumpang 1.402 penumpang. Sementara pada simulasi skenario, didapatkan waktu pelayanan 2,94 jam dengan total penumpang 1.636. Berdasarkan hasil skenario disarankan kebijakan berupa instalasi on shore connection pada terminal berdasarkan standar IEC/IEEE80005-1, pemberian kompensasi finansial kepada pegawai, perbaikan manajemen berupa penetapan alur debarkasi dan embarkasi, penambahan pelayanan imigrasi, perawatan dan penambahan konveyor unit di Terminal Internasional Pelabuhan Benoa.
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International tourists visiting Indonesia via cruise ships have been increasing annually. In response to this trend, the government has initiated the Bali Maritime Tourism Hub (BMTH) project to enhance services at the cruise terminal of Benoa Port, Bali. The development of the Benoa Port International Terminal involves not only infrastructure improvements but also considerations of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects, which directly impact terminal service performance. ESG assessments can be categorized into various factors, especially within the dynamic operations of terminal services. Understanding these factors and their interrelations is crucial to determining how ESG factors influence terminal performance. The relationships between these factors can be analyzed using the System Dynamics approach, which simulates interactions in dynamic systems such as terminal operations. The complex service system involving numerous factors at passenger terminals can be evaluated through System Dynamics to identify the impacts of these factors on service performance at the Benoa Port International Terminal. Service performance is measured by passenger embarkation and debarkation times, while ESG sustainability factors include energy consumption (environment), air pollution (environment), port governance score (governance), and employee satisfaction index (social). These factors are mapped into a causal loop diagram (CLD) to illustrate the relationships within the system. The factors represented in the CLD are then simulated using a stock-flow diagram to generate system simulation values for 2024–2030. The base model is further developed into BMTH development scenarios and optimizing ESG factors. Simulation results from the scenarios indicate improved performance in embarkation and debarkation times. Under normal conditions, the process takes 3.02 hours with 1,402 passengers, while the scenario simulation shows a reduced service time of 2.94 hours with 1,636 passengers. Based on the scenario outcomes, recommended policies include installing onshore connections at the terminal following IEC/IEEE80005-1 standards, providing financial compensation to employees, improving management through the establishment of embarkation and debarkation procedures, adding immigration services, and maintaining and expanding conveyor units at the Benoa Port International Terminal.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Benoa Port International Terminal, ESG, Port Performance, System Dynamics, ESG, Kinerja Pelabuhan, System Dynamics, Terminal Internasional Pelabuhan Benoa. |
Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.8 Productivity. Efficiency |
Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Kadek Putra Puja Wirawan |
Date Deposited: | 05 Feb 2025 01:16 |
Last Modified: | 05 Feb 2025 01:16 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/116903 |
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