Kajian Dampak Emisi Udara Pada Proses Produksi Semen di Setiap Plant PT. XYZ dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Murtyas, Safitri (2025) Kajian Dampak Emisi Udara Pada Proses Produksi Semen di Setiap Plant PT. XYZ dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri semen merupakan sektor strategis yang sangat penting bagi pembangunan infrastruktur dan diperkirakan akan mengalami peningkatan permintaan sebesar 12–23% pada tahun 2050 dibandingkan tahun 2020. Meskipun memiliki peran vital dalam ekonomi, proses produksi semen berdampak signifikan terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu proses produksi semen yang memiliki dampak terbesar, yaitu proses pembakaran di kiln, yang menggunakan batu bara sebagai bahan bakar sehingga menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca yang menjadi penyebab utama pemanasan global. PT. XYZ, sebagai salah satu produsen semen terbesar di Indonesia, menghasilkan emisi yang tinggi dalam proses produksi semennya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi semen tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan besaran dampak lingkungan yang timbul dari produksi semen dengan pendekatan gate to gate, yaitu raw mill, coal mill, kiln, finish mill, dan packer. Tahap penelitian dimulai dari analisis beban emisi yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi semen. Hasil analisis beban emisi, bahan bakar, energi dan bahan baku digunakan dalam analisis Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). Selanjutnya, dilakukan identifikasi dampak menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan menggunakan software Microsoft Excel. Pada tahap Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), metode yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan midpoint, yaitu CML-IA Baseline. Emisi yang dianalis, yaitu CO2, CH4, N2O, SO2, NOx, CO, dan partikulat. Kategori dampak yang dianalisis mengacu pada peraturan yang berlaku, yaitu Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 01 Tahun 2021, yang mewajibkan analisis pada kategori dampak yang meliputi Global Warming Potential (GWP100a), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Acidification Potential (AP), dan Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Photochemical Oxidation, dan Abiotic Depletion (Fossil). Hasil dari analisis penelitian ini, yaitu didapatkan beban emisi selama tahun 2023, yaitu 5.708.117 ton CO2, 573 ton CO2 sekunder, 41,44 ton CH4, 38,37 ton N2O, 194,37 ton SO2, 1.418 ton NO2, 4.357 ton CO, dan 154,68 ton PM. Dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari proses produksi berdasarkan LCA pada plant 3, yaitu nilai Global Warming Potential (GWP100a) sebesar 1.170,631 kg CO₂-eq, Abiotic Depletion (Fossil) sebesar 4.584 MJ/kg, Acidification Potential (AP) sebesar 1,77 kg SO₂-eq, Eutrophication Potential (EP) sebesar 0,415 kg PO₄-eq, Photochemical Oxidation sebesar 0,065 kg C₂H₄-eq, dan Human Toxicity Potential (HTP) sebesar 3,89 kg 1,4-DCB-eq. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa unit kiln pada plant 3 menjadi titik hotspot utama dalam proses produksi. Berdasarkan analisis ini, direkomendasikan beberapa alternatif program lingkungan, yaitu penggunaan hidrogen sebagai bahan bakar, penerapan teknologi Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU), dan pemanfaatan red mud sebagai bahan baku alternatif
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The cement industry is a strategic sector that is very important for infrastructure development and is expected to experience an increase in demand of 12–23% in 2050 compared to 2020. Despite its vital role in the economy, the cement production process has a significant impact on the environment. One of the cement production processes that has the greatest impact is the combustion process in the kiln, which uses coal as fuel, resulting in greenhouse gas emissions which are the main cause of global warming. PT. XYZ, as one of the largest cement producers in Indonesia, produces high emissions in its cement production process. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an environmental impact analysis resulting from the cement production process. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the environmental impact arising from cement production with a gate-to-gate approach, namely raw mill, coal mill, kiln, finish mill, and packer. The research stage begins with the analysis of the emission load resulting from the cement production process. The results of the analysis of the emission load, fuel, energy and raw materials are used in the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis. Furthermore, the impact identification is carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method using Microsoft Excel software. At the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) stage, the method used is the midpoint approach, namely CML-IA Baseline. The emissions analyzed are CO2, CH4, N2O, SO2, NOx, CO, and particulates. The impact categories analyzed refer to applicable regulations, namely Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 01 of 2021, which requires analysis of impact categories including Global Warming Potential (GWP100a), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Acidification Potential (AP), and Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Photochemical Oxidation, and Abiotic Depletion (Fossil). The results of this research analysis, namely the emission load during 2023, were 5,708,117 tons of CO2, 573 tons of secondary CO2, 41.44 tons of CH4, 38.37 tons of N2O, 194.37 tons of SO2, 1,418 tons of NO2, 4,357 tons of CO, and 154.68 tons of PM. The environmental impacts caused by the production process based on LCA at plant 3, namely the Global Warming Potential (GWP100a) value of 1,170.631 kg CO₂-eq, Abiotic Depletion (Fossil) of 4,584 MJ/kg, Acidification Potential (AP) of 1.77 kg SO₂-eq, Eutrophication Potential (EP) of 0.415 kg PO₄-eq, Photochemical Oxidation of 0.065 kg C₂H₄-eq, and Human Toxicity Potential (HTP) of 3.89 kg 1,4-DCB-eq. The results of the analysis show that the kiln unit at plant 3 is the main hotspot in the production process. Based on this analysis, several alternative environmental programs are recommended, namely the use of hydrogen as fuel, the application of Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU) technology, and the use of red mud as an alternative raw material

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CML-IA Baseline, Dampak Lingkungan, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Produksi Semen, CML-IA Baseline, Cement Production, Environmental Impact, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Safitri Murtyas
Date Deposited:	31 Jan 2025 02:28
Last Modified:	31 Jan 2025 02:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/117221

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