Kajian Recovery Energi dan Material dari Hasil Landfill Mining di Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu Bantargebang

Prihartanto, Prihartanto (2025) Kajian Recovery Energi dan Material dari Hasil Landfill Mining di Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu Bantargebang. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Untuk mengatasi masalah kapasitas landfill yang semakin kritis, telah dioperasikan fasilitas landfill mining yang terintegrasi dengan fasilitas recovery energi dan material (LMIREM) berkapasitas 150 ton/hari di tempat pengolahan sampah terpadu Bantargebang, Bekasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan (a) produktivitas, komposisi, dan karakteristik fisik-kimia material galian landfill untuk recovery energi dan material, (b) komposisi terbaik material galian landfill sebagai bahan bakar dan potensi material sejenis tanah sebagai kompos, dan (c) dampak lingkungan dari material galian landfill menggunakan life cycle assessment.
Minimum 100 kg sampel material galian landfill diambil dari truk dan dipilah menjadi fraksi halus, sedang, dan besar yang berturut-turut berukuran <10 mm, 10–30 mm, dan >30 mm. Setiap komponen fraksi diklasifikasikan dan ditimbang untuk mendapatkan komposisinya. Nilai kalori dan karakteristik fisik-kimia fraksi besar dianalisis menggunakan standar ASTM dan APHA/AWWA/WEF untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya sebagai bahan bakar. Sementara itu, karakteristik fisik dan kimia fraksi halus dan sedang dianalisis menggunakan standar ASTM, ISRIC-FAO, dan NRCS-USDA untuk mengevaluasi potensinya sebagai kompos. Life cycle assessment dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak OpenLCA, metode titik tengah ReCiPe 2016 (H), dan basis data Ecoinvent 3.80. Penilaian ini mengkaji 3 skenario pengelolaan landfill: (1) tanpa LMIREM, (2) pengoperasian LMIREM eksisting, dan (3) rencana penataan ulang LMIREM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan komposisi material galian landfill terdiri dari fraksi halus (16,66±3,82%), fraksi sedang (17,09±4,02%), dan fraksi besar (66,25±0,19%). Fraksi besar memiliki nilai kalori dan karakteristik fisik kimia yang sesuai untuk refuse-derived fuel (RDF), kecuali untuk kadar air. Rasio terbaik komponen plastik : kayu dan sampah kebun pada RDF adalah 40%:60% meskipun kadar air, abu, dan karbon tetap memerlukan perbaikan. Sedangkan material sejenis tanah pada fraksi halus dan sedang berpotensi sebagai kompos tetapi memerlukan perbaikan untuk kadar air, fosfor, dan kalium. Hasil life cycle assessment menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi listrik dari Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) untuk pengoperasian LMIREM menghasilkan dampak tertinggi terhadap ekotoksisitas perairan laut. Solusi terbaik menurunkan dampak tersebut dengan mengganti 100% konsumsi listrik PLN dengan tenaga surya untuk mesin-mesin pemilah pada skenario 3.
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To overcome the increasingly critical landfill capacity problem, a 150-ton/day integrated landfill mining with an energy and material recovery (ILMEMR) facility has been operated in the Bantargebang integrated solid waste treatment facility, Bekasi. This study determines (a) the productivity, composition, and physical-chemical characteristics of landfill-mined material for energy and material recovery, (b) the best composition of landfill-mined material as fuel and the potential of soil-like material as compost, and (c) the environmental impact of ILMEMR using a life cycle assessment. A minimum of 100 kg of landfill-mined material samples were taken from the truck and sorted into fine, medium, and rough fractions measuring <10 mm, 10–30 mm, and >30 mm, respectively. Each fraction component was classified and weighed to obtain the composition. The calorific value and physical-chemical characteristics of rough fraction were analyzed using ASTM and APHA/AWWA/WEF standards to evaluate its suitability as a fuel. Meanwhile, the physical and chemical characteristics of fine and medium by ASTM, ISRIC-FAO, and NRCS-USDA standards evaluate their potential as compost. Life cycle assessment was conducted using OpenLCA software, ReCiPe 2016 (H) midpoint method, and Ecoinvent 3.80 database. This assessment examined three landfill management scenarios: (1) without LMIREM, (2) operation of existing LMIREM, and (3) LMIREM re-arrangement plan. The analysis results showed that the composition of landfill excavated material consisted of fine fractions (16.66±3.82%), medium fractions (17.09±4.02%), and large fractions (66.25±0.19%). The large fraction has a calorific value and physical-chemical characteristics suitable for refuse-derived fuel (RDF), except for water content. The best ratio of plastic : wood and garden waste components of RDF was 40%:60%, although the water, ash, and fixed carbon contents required improvement. Meanwhile, soil-like material in the fine and medium fractions has the potential to compost but requires improvement in water, phosphorus, and potassium content.
The life cycle assessment results showed that electricity consumption from the Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) for operating LMIREM had the highest impact on marine ecotoxicity. The best solution to reduce this impact is to replace 100% of PLN's electricity consumption with solar power for sorting machines in scenario 3.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	energy, landfill mining, life cycle assessment, material, recovery, energi, landfill mining, life cycle assessment, material, recovery
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD898.8.C67 Waste disposal
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Prihartanto Prihartanto
Date Deposited:	03 Feb 2025 10:05
Last Modified:	03 Feb 2025 10:05
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/117387

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