Pemanfaatan Pupuk Pelepasan Terkendali Menggunakan Komposit Biochar Batang Tembakau dan Hydrogel Untuk Remediasi Lahan Red Mud

Prasiefa, Mizanurafi' Ghifarhadi (2025) Pemanfaatan Pupuk Pelepasan Terkendali Menggunakan Komposit Biochar Batang Tembakau dan Hydrogel Untuk Remediasi Lahan Red Mud. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Produksi alumina dari pemurnian bijih bauksit telah menghasilkan limbah red mud hingga 176% dengan sifat alkalinitas yang tinggi, kapasitas retensi air yang rendah (hanya 7,14% pada hari ke-6), serta nutrisi bagi tanaman yang sangat rendah. Pengembangan Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) berbasis komposit biochar-hydrogel dilaksanakan untuk remediasi lahan red mud. Hal ini disebabkan karena cepatnya laju pelepasan nutrisi pupuk konvensional, seperti hilangnya nutrisi NPK hingga 70% – 90% yang menurunkan efisiensi dan menimbulkan pencemaran limbah lainnya. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi empat garis besar, yaitu pirolisis serbuk batang tembakau untuk pembuatan biochar batang tembakau (BBT); impregnasi larutan nutrisi NPK dan asam humat terhadap BBT terimpregnasi (BBTI); polimerisasi berbasis akrilamida, KPS, dan MBA untuk menghasilkan hidrogel; serta penggabungannya untuk memproduksi CRF biochar-hydrogel composite (CRFBHC). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan metodologi paling efisien dalam proses produksinya, dengan sifat yang sesuai untuk remediasi lahan red mud hingga dapat ditumbuhi tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BBT-3 (600oC, 1 jam) setelah pirolisis menghasilkan fixed carbon 73,09%; porositas 77,47%; dan luas permukaan 521,81 m2/g. Proses impregnasi terbaik pada BBTI-6 (15% w/vakuades atau v/vakuades, 300 rpm) dengan peningkatan nutrisi NPK secara berututan 23,91% (menjadi 31,78%); 73,18% (menjadi 7,38%); dan 88,32% (menjadi 14,85%). Berikutnya Hidrogel-5 (KPS 7% w/wmonomer; MBA 0,5% w/wmonomer) dapat menyerap air hingga 403,22% dalam suasana basa serta kpasitas retensi air dalam red mud hari ke-1 dan 5 secara berurutan adalah 87,65% dan 51,32%. Terakhir proses sintesis terbaik pada CRFBHC-4 (10% w/wmonomer) terbukti dapat menyerap air hingga 1606,91% dalam kondisi basa; meningkatkan kapasitas retensi air dalam red mud pada hari ke-15 dan 20 sebesar 21,56% dan 1,22%; porositas dalan red mud sebesar 63,57%; dan biodegradabilitas material dalam red mud sebesar 69,45% pada hari ke-20. Seluruh hasil mengindikasikan bahwa CRFBHC meremediasi lahan red mud dengan karakteristik pelepasan terkendali.
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Alumina production from bauxite ore refining has produced up to 176% red mud waste with high alkalinity, low water retention capacity (only 7.14% on day 6), and very low plant nutrients. Development of Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) based on biochar-hydrogel composite was carried out for red mud land remediation. This is due to the rapid rate of nutrient release of conventional fertilizers, such as the loss of NPK nutrients up to 70% - 90% which reduces efficiency and causes other waste pollution. This research is divided into four broad lines, namely pyrolysis of tobacco stem powder to produce tobacco stem biochar (BBT); impregnation of NPK nutrient solution and humic acid to impregnated BBT (BBTI); polymerization based on acrylamide, KPS, and MBA to produce hydrogel; and combining them to produce CRF biochar-hydrogel composite (CRFBHC). The objective of this study was to determine the most efficient methodology in the production process, with properties suitable for remediation of red mud land to be able to grow plants. The results showed that BBT-3 (600oC, 1 hour) after pyrolysis produced 73.09% fixed carbon; 77.47% porosity; and 521.81 m2/g surface area. The best impregnation process was BBTI-6 (15% w/vaquadest or v/vaquadest, 300 rpm) with successive increases in NPK nutrient content of 23.91% (to 31.78%); 73.18% (to 7.38%); and 88.32% (to 14.85%). Next, Hydrogel-5 (KPS 7% w/wmonomer; MBA 0.5% w/wmonomer) can absorb water up to 403.22% in alkaline atmosphere and the water retention capacity in red mud day 1 and 5 are 87.65% and 51.32%, respectively. Finally, the best synthesis process on CRFBHC-4 (10% w/wmonomer) was proven to absorb water up to 1606.91% in alkaline conditions; increased water retention capacity in red mud on days 15 and 20 by 21.56% and 1.22%; porosity in red mud by 63.57%; and biodegradability of the material in red mud by 69.45% on day 20. All results indicated that CRFBHC remediated red mud land with controlled release characteristics.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Batang Tembakau, Biochar, Hidrogel, Impregnasi, Pupuk Pelepasan Terkendali, Red Mud ============================================================ Biochar, Controlled Release Fertilizer, Hydrogel, Impregnation, Red Mud, Tobacco Stem
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD117 Absorption Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) > S593.2 Soil Structure S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) > S654.5 Biofertilizers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156.C64 Controlled release technology
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	MIZANURAFI' GHIFARHADI PRASIEFA
Date Deposited:	02 Feb 2025 14:12
Last Modified:	02 Feb 2025 14:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/117559

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