Studi Pengaruh Variasi State of Charge terhadap Karakteristik Voltammogram Pengujian Cyclic Voltammetry pada Baterai Ni-MH

Putri, Delia Salsabila Sri (2025) Studi Pengaruh Variasi State of Charge terhadap Karakteristik Voltammogram Pengujian Cyclic Voltammetry pada Baterai Ni-MH. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Baterai Ni-MH adalah salah satu jenis baterai rechargeable yang menggunakan elektroda nikel (Ni(OH)₂) dan metal hidrida, dengan voltase standar 1.2 V dan densitas energi 60-120 Wh/kg, menjadikannya pilihan penyimpanan energi yang efisien untuk aplikasi bertegangan rendah. Untuk memahami kinerjanya, dapat digunakan salah satu parameter penting dalam karakterisasi baterai, yaitu State of Charge (SoC), yang menunjukkan kapasitas charge yang tersisa dalam baterai. Dengan meningkatnya SoC selama proses charging, terjadi reaksi elektrokimia pada elektroda dan elektrolit, di mana ion hidrogen bergerak sebagai komponen elektroaktif. Kelancaran proses ini dapat mempengaruhi kinerja baterai, seperti kecepatan charging, arus maksimum, dan stabilitas selama siklus charge-discharge. Oleh karena itu, digunakan Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) untuk mempelajari reaksi elektrokimia tersebut, dengan cara memberikan voltase yang berubah secara bertahap pada elektroda. Hasil pengujian berupa cyclic voltammogram, yang memberikan informasi tentang arus puncak (peak current) untuk reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi, serta jarak antara arus puncak yang mencerminkan tingkat reversibilitas reaksi. Reaksi yang kurang reversibel ditandai dengan selisih yang lebih besar antara arus puncak oksidasi dan reduksi, dan menunjukkan adanya hambatan pada siklus charge-discharge. Pengujian akan dilakukan pada baterai Ni-MH tipe AB5 dan A2B7, dengan variasi SoC yang digunakan yaitu 0, 20%, 50%, 80%, dan 100%. Pengujian X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) serta Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) juga dilakukan untuk mendukung hasil analisis. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa variasi SoC mempengaruhi cyclic voltammogram yang didapat dari kedua baterai. Voltage window menjadi lebih lebar seiring meningkatnya SoC, yang menunjukkan kemampuan penyimpanan kapasitas yang lebih baik. Didapat juga bahwa baterai AB5 memiliki kapasitas lebih besar dibanding baterai A2B7. Selain itu, didapat reversibilitas elektrokimia paling optimal pada SoC 100%, yang ditunjukkan dengan ΔEp paling kecil pada cyclic voltammogram. Hal ini menunjukkan kinetik reaksi yang cepat dan hambatan charge-transfer kecil. Kelancaran kinetik didukung dengan adanya pulverisasi pada gambar SEM SoC 100%, sehingga memperluas area untuk charge-transfer. Dari pengukuran ΔEp, juga didapat bahwa Baterai AB5 menunjukkan reversibilitas lebih baik dibanding baterai A2B7.
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Ni-MH battery is a type of rechargeable battery utilizing nickel (Ni(OH)₂) and metal hydride electrodes, with a standard voltage of 1.2 V and an energy density of 60-120 Wh/kg, making it an efficient energy storage option for low-voltage applications. To understand its performance, State of Charge (SoC) parameter can be used, which indicates the remaining charge capacity in the battery. As SoC increases during the charging process, an electrochemical reaction occurs on the electrodes and electrolytes, where hydrogen ions move as electroactive components. The swiftness of this process can affect battery performance, such as charging speed, maximum current, and stability during the charge-discharge cycle. Therefore, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) is used to study battery’s electrochemical reaction, by providing a gradually changing voltage to the electrodes. The test results are in the form of a cyclic voltammogram, which provides information on the peak current for oxidation and reduction reactions, as well as the distance between peak currents that reflects the level of reaction reversibility. Less reversible reactions are characterized by a larger distance between the peak oxidation and reduction currents, and indicate a bottleneck in the charge-discharge cycle. Testing will be carried out on Ni-MH batteries type AB5 and A2B7, with variations in SoC, namely 0, 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests were also carried out to support the result analysis. The study revealed that variations in the state of charge (SoC) significantly influence the cyclic voltammogram profiles of both batteries. The voltage window widens as SoC increases, indicating better storage capacity. It was also observed that the AB5 battery possesses a larger capacity compared to the A2B7 battery. Furthermore, the most optimal electrochemical reversibility was achieved at 100% SoC, as indicated by the smallest ΔEp in the cyclic voltammogram. This reflects fast reaction kinetics and minimal charge-transfer resistance, which reduces energy loss. The smooth reaction kinetics are supported by the pulverization observed in the SEM images at 100% SoC, which provides larger charge-transfer area. From ΔEp comparison, it was also colcluded that AB5 battery demonstrated superior reaction kinetics compared to the A2B7 battery.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Baterai Ni-MH, Cyclic Voltammetry, Ni-MH Battery, State of Charge
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Putri Delia Salsabila Sri
Date Deposited:	04 Feb 2025 05:40
Last Modified:	04 Feb 2025 05:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/117997

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