Khoiriyah, Nur (2025) Pengaruh Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Sebagai Media Budidaya Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus)Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Nutrisi, Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan. Masters thesis, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology.
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Abstract
Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia dan menghasilkan banyak limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Salah satu pemanfaatan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit yaitu digunakan sebagai media tanam jamur, dimana kandungan lignoselulosa pada TKKS menjadi sumber utama pertumbuhan jamur. Kandungan lignoselulosa pada TKKS terdiri dari selulosa (43,0-43,7%), hemiselulosa (22,9-23,7%), dan lignin (21,3-22,1%). Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan membuat 5 variasi perlakuan pemberian TKKS:sengon yaitu 0%:100% (T1), 25%:75% (T2), 50%:50% (T3), 75%:25% (T4) dan 100%:0% (T5). Media tanam dianalisis kadar C-organik, N, dan C/N. Analisa nutrisi proksimat juga dilakukan seperti kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan serat kasar. Hasil panen jamur tiram diliofilisasi dan diekstrak menggunakan beberapa pelarut seperti aquaDM, metanol, etil asetat dan n-heksana untuk dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan ABTS serta total fenol. Hasil analisis C organik menunjukkan bahwa media T5 dengan komposisi 100% TKKS memiliki kandungan C organik tertinggi yaitu sebesar 81%, N total tertinggi yaitu pada T2 sebesar 3,63%, dan kadar C/N tertinggi pada T5 sebesar 45,25%. Pertumbuhan miselium tercepat di minggu 1 dan 2 adalah T5. Kualitas terbaik berdasarkan morfologi jamur yaitu T5 dengan berat 92±8,85 g, jumlah batang sebanyak 12±0,67 batang, dan panjang batang 3,31±0,68 cm. Hasil snalisis kandungan nutrisi kadar air terendah yaitu pada T2 (91,10±1,41%), kadar abu tertinggi pada T4 (9,68±1,23%), kadar lemak tertinggi pada T4 (3,83±0,11%), kadar protein tertinggi pada T2 (29,92±0,94%), dan kadar serat tertinggi yaitu pada T5 (47,89±0,32%). Hasil ekstraksi dengan beberapa pelarut organik menunjukkan hasil rendemen tertinggi berturut-turut yaitu aquaDM sebesar 43,69±11,53%, metanol sebesar 23,48±5,82%, etil asetat sebesar 5,23±1,84% dan n-heksan sebesar 2,36±1,07%. Nilai IC50 menggunakan radikal ABTS menunjukkan hasil lebih baik daripada DPPH dengan kategori aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat pada masing masing sampel jamur dengan berbagai pelarut. Nilai IC50 terbaik adalah pada sampel T1 dengan ekstraksi aquaDM yaitu 3,83 µg/mg pada radikal DPPH. Nilai IC50 terbaik pada radikal ABTS adalah sampel T2 ekstrak aquaDM yaitu 5,04 µg/mg. Nilai total fenol berkisar antara 6,08 – 8,25 µgGAE/mg.
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Indonesia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world and produces a lot of waste of empty fruit palm oil bunches (EFPOB). One of the uses of EFPOB waste is as a mushroom growing medium, where the lignocellulose content in EFPOB is the main source of mushroom growth. The lignocellulose content in EFPOB consists of cellulose (43,0- 43,7%), hemicellulose (22,9-23,7%), and lignin (21,3-22,1%). The method that was used to create 5 variations of TKKS:Sengon wood treatment, namely 0%:100% (T1), 25%:75% (T2), 50%:50% (T3), 75%:25% (T4) and 100%:0% (T5). The planting medium was explained in terms of C-organic content, N, and C/N. Proximate nutrient analysis was be carried out such as water, ash, protein, fat and crude fiber content. The harvested oyster mushroom was lyophilized and extracted using several solvents such as water, methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane to test antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ABTS methods and total phenol. The results of organic C analysisshowed that T5 media with a composition of 100% EFPOB had the highest organic C content of 81%, while the highest total N was in T2 at 3,63%, and the highest C/N content was in T5 at 45,25%. The fastest mycelial growth in first and second week was in T5. The best quality based on mushroom morphology was in T5 with a weight of 92±8,85 g, the number of stems was 12±0,67 stems, and the stem length was 3,31±0,68 cm. Analysis of nutrient content, the lowest water content was in T2 (91,10±1,41%), the highest ash content was in T4 (9,68±1,23%), the highest fat content was in T4 (3,83±0,11%), the highest protein content was in T2 (29,92±0,94%), and the highest fiber content was in T5 (47,89±0,32%). The extraction results with several organic solvents showed the highest yields in succession, namely aqua DM 43,69±11,53%, methanol 23,48±5,82%, ethyl acetate 5,23±1,84% and n-hexane 2,36±1,07%. The IC50 value using ABTS radicals showed better results than DPPH with a very strong antioxidant activity category in each mushroom sample with various solvents. The best IC50 value was in the T1 sample with aquaDM extraction, namely 3,83 µg/mg for DPPH radicals. The best IC50 value for ABTS radicals was the T2 sample of aquaDM extract, namely 5,04 µg/mg. The total phenol value ranged from 6,08 – 8,25 µgGAE/mg.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | TKKS, P. ostreatus, media tanam, nutrisi, aktivitas antioksidan. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Khoiriyah Nur |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Feb 2025 02:04 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Feb 2025 02:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118065 |
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