Numerical Analysis of the Impact of HVAC Duct Design Changes on KRDE BIAS for Passenger Thermal Comfort Optimization Based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)

Salsabila, Nadira (2025) Numerical Analysis of the Impact of HVAC Duct Design Changes on KRDE BIAS for Passenger Thermal Comfort Optimization Based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Efisiensi energi pada kereta api sangat bergantung pada peran penting perangkat pendingin udara (AC). Kenyamanan termal juga harus tercapai di samping efisiensi energi. Pasokan suhu, tingkat kelembaban, dan sirkulasi udara yang optimal dari lingkungan sekitar merupakan faktor utama untuk mencapai kenyamanan termal. PT INKA Persero menciptakan kereta api yang khusus dirancang untuk mengangkut orang menuju Bandar Udara Internasional Adi Soemarmo (BIAS). Kereta api ini ditujukan untuk membantu masyarakat setempat yang ingin bepergian menggunakan pesawat udara di Surakarta dan sekitarnya. Banyak aspek yang perlu diperhatikan untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dan minat penumpang. Kemampuan sistem AC dalam memberikan kenyamanan termal adalah salah satunya. Kereta api yang diatur dengan baik untuk kelembaban, suhu, dan sirkulasi udara yang optimal akan memberikan kenyamanan termal bagi penumpang. Metode numerik digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian difokuskan pada perubahan sistem dual-duct menjadi single-duct dengan variasi sudut kisi-kisi yang akan ditempatkan pada ventilasi udara penumpang (45°, 60°, 75°, dan 90°) dan kecepatan masuk (9 m/s dan 18 m/s). Perhitungan beban pendinginan dilakukan dengan metode Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) untuk menilai efektivitas sistem HVAC. Data primer berupa dimensi kereta dan sifat material diperoleh dari PT INKA, sedangkan data sekunder berupa suhu dan kelembapan udara sekitar diperoleh dari catatan meteorologi. Model 3D kereta dikembangkan, di-mesh, dan disimulasikan dalam ANSYS Fluent untuk menganalisis distribusi suhu, pola aliran udara, dan profil kecepatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dual-duct yang ada menyebabkan distribusi udara tidak merata, sehingga kecepatan di bagian tengah kereta tinggi dan pendinginan di bagian ujung kereta kurang memadai. Di antara modifikasi tersebut, sistem saluran tunggal dengan kecepatan masuk kisi 45° 9 m/s, kecepatan masuk kisi 75° 9 m/s, dan kecepatan masuk kisi 90° 9 m/s menunjukkan distribusi suhu yang paling seragam dan aliran udara yang optimal. Memastikan kepatuhan terhadap standar kenyamanan termal Indonesia (SNI 03-6572-2001). Melalui penelitian ini, konfigurasi saluran tunggal mengurangi konsumsi energi dengan meminimalkan kebutuhan akan beberapa evaporator. Temuan ini menawarkan wawasan berharga tentang peningkatan sistem HVAC dalam aplikasi kereta api, yang berkontribusi pada peningkatan kenyamanan penumpang dan efisiensi operasional.
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Energy efficiency in trains is highly dependent on the important role of air-conditioning devices air conditioning devices. Thermal comfort must also be achieved despite energy efficiency. Supply temperature, humidity level, and optimum air circulation from the surrounding environment are the main factors to achieve thermal comfort. PT INKA Persero created a train specifically designed to transport people to Adi Soemarmo International Airport (Bandar Udara Adi Soemarmo) or BIAS. This train is intended to assist locals who wish to travel by air in Surakarta and the adjacent areas. Many aspects need to be considered to improve passenger comfort and interest. The air conditioning system's ability to provide thermal comfort is one of them. A train that is properly set up for optimal humidity, temperature, and air circulation will provide passengers with thermal comfort. Numerical methods were used in the research. The research focuses on transitioning from a dual-duct to a single-duct system with variations in grill angles that will be placed in the passenger air vents (45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) and inlet velocities (9 m/s and 18 m/s). Cooling load calculations were performed using the Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) method to assess the HVAC system's effectiveness. Primary data, including train dimensions and material properties, were obtained from PT INKA, while secondary data, such as ambient temperature and humidity, were sourced from meteorological records. A 3D model of the train was developed, meshed, and simulated in ANSYS Fluent to analyze temperature distribution, airflow patterns, and velocity profiles. The results indicate that the existing dual-duct system leads to uneven air distribution, causing high velocity in the middle and insufficient cooling at the ends of the train. Among the modifications, the single-duct system with a 45° grill 9 m/s inlet velocity, 75° grill 9 m/s inlet velocity, and 90° grill 9 m/s inlet velocity exhibited the most uniform temperature distribution and optimal airflow. Ensuring compliance with Indonesian thermal comfort standards (SNI 03-6572-2001). By this research, single duct configuration reduces energy consumption by minimizing the need for multiple evaporators. The findings offer valuable insights into HVAC system improvements in railway applications, contributing to enhanced passenger comfort and operational efficiency

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cooling load, Computational Fluid Dynamics, HVAC, KRDE BIAS, Thermal comfort
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC320 Heat transfer T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ990 Compressors
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nadira Salsabila
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2025 13:19
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2025 13:19
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118334

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