Permodelan Kebakaran Electric Vehicle Menggunakan Fire Blanket Dengan Metode Agent-Based Model Pada Kapal Ferry RO-RO

Muharram, Tegar Isnain (2025) Permodelan Kebakaran Electric Vehicle Menggunakan Fire Blanket Dengan Metode Agent-Based Model Pada Kapal Ferry RO-RO. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kendaraan listrik berbasis baterai (BEV) memiliki risiko kebakaran yang signifikan, mirip dengan kendaraan penumpang konvensional, namun dengan tambahan risiko thermal runaway dari paket baterai. Meskipun thermal runaway dapat mempercepat penyebaran api, sebagian besar pelepasan panas yang terukur, baik dalam peak heat release rate (pHRR) maupun total heat released (THR), berasal dari pembakaran bahan konvensional di dalam kabin kendaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku kebakaran pada kendaraan listrik dan mengevaluasi efektivitas pemadaman menggunakan fire blanket melalui simulasi di Pyrosim dan simulasi evakuasi melalui software pathfinder berbasis Agent Based Model. Dalam penelitian ini, lima skenario kebakaran diuji, yang mencakup berbagai kondisi seperti sumber kebakaran, jenis material, dan konfigurasi kendaraan. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan fire blanket mampu mengurangi laju pertumbuhan suhu hingga 40% dibandingkan dengan metode pemadaman lainnya, serta mengurangi penyebaran api selama 30% dalam waktu respons yang sama. Data menunjukkan bahwa fire blanket berhasil menjebak panas dan menghalangi oksigen, sehingga memperlambat laju kebakaran secara efektif. Pada simulasi evakusi menggunakan software pathfinder, proses evakuasi penumpang dari selected room ke muster point dibutuhkan waktu 400 detik yang mana digunakan sebagai Travel time (T). Setelah dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan standar performa IMO MSC. 1533 didapatkan waktu evakuasi total atau nilai (n) sebesar 34.58 Menit. Dari simulasi kebakaran tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa pada detik ke 400, dimana proses evakuasi penumpang ke muster point telah dilakukan, api pada electric vehicle belum dapat dipadamkan, namun penggunaan fire blanket dapat menghambat persebaran api dan asap yang dapat menghambat proses evakuasi penumpang ke muster point. Meskipun fire blanket terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan sistem pemadam lainnya, seperti sprinkler, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi beberapa keterbatasan. Model simulasi yang digunakan mungkin tidak sepenuhnya mencerminkan kondisi nyata, mengingat variabel lingkungan yang dapat berubah secara dinamis selama kejadian kebakaran. Selain itu, waktu rendering yang lama dalam simulasi dapat menghambat efisiensi analisis skenario yang lebih kompleks.
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=============Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) pose a significant fire risk, similar to conventional passenger vehicles, but with the added danger of thermal runaway from the battery pack. Although thermal runaway can accelerate fire spread, most measured heat release, both in terms of peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat released (THR), originates from the combustion of conventional materials within the vehicle cabin. This study aims to analyze fire behavior in electric vehicles and evaluate the effectiveness of fire blanket suppression through simulations in Pyrosim and evacuation simulations using agent-based modeling software Pathfinder. Five fire scenarios were tested, encompassing various conditions such as ignition sources, material types, and vehicle configurations. Simulation results indicate that using a fire blanket can reduce temperature growth rates by up to 40% compared to other suppression methods and decrease fire spread by 30% within the same response time. Data shows that the fire blanket effectively traps heat and blocks oxygen, thereby slowing the rate of fire. In the evacuation simulation using Pathfinder software, the process of evacuating passengers from a selected room to a muster point took 400 seconds, which was used as the travel time (T). After calculations based on IMO MSC. 1533 performance standards, a total evacuation time or value (n) of 34.58 minutes was obtained. From the fire simulation, it is evident that by the 400 second, when passenger evacuation to the muster point was completed, the fire in the electric vehicle had not yet been extinguished; however, the use of a fire blanket could hinder the spread of fire and smoke that would obstruct passenger evacuation to the muster point. Although the fire blanket proved more effective than other suppression systems like sprinklers, this study also identified several limitations. The simulation model used may not fully reflect real-world conditions due to dynamically changing environmental variables during a fire event. Additionally, long rendering times in simulations can impede efficient analysis of more complex scenarios.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fire Growth, Heat Release Rate, Kendaraan Listrik, Pathfinder, Pyrosim.
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VK > VK1258 Ships--Fires and fire prevention V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM381 Passenger ships
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Tegar Isnain Muharram
Date Deposited:	06 Feb 2025 07:11
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2025 07:11
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118411

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