Farida, Yuniar (2025) Pemodelan Reverse Logistics Sampah Polyethylene Terephthalate Menuju Ekonomi Sirkular. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Saat ini sampah plastik menjadi permasalahan krusial di dunia yang dapat mengancam keselamatan bumi. Indonesia menjadi negara dengan tingkat polusi sampah plastik di lautan terbesar kedua setelah China. Jenis sampah plastik yang banyak ditemukan adalah PET, sering digunakan untuk kemasan makanan dan minuman. Sejatinya plastik PET bekas ini merupakan jenis plastik yang paling mudah didaur ulang. Sehingga daur ulang sampah plastik PET menjadi solusi bagi permasalahan sampah plastik yang berkontribusi terhadap keselamatan lingkungan sekaligus memberikan manfaat secara ekonomi menuju ekonomi sirkular. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang model System Dynamik Reverse Logistics (RL) PET yang integrative (mengakomodir aspek regulasi dan Tripple Bottom Line) guna meningkatkan pengumpulan kembali PET pasca konsumsi dan proporsi rPET sebagai campuran material bahan baku botol PET baru, meningkatkan pendapatan atau manfaat bagi para entitas dan penurunan proporsi sampah PET yang terbuang ke lingkungan. Adapun pengembangan simulasi scenario kebijakan berfokus pada entitas konsumen, sehingga pada tahap awal dilakukan analisis perilaku konsumen pasca konsumsi berdasarkan unsur Demografis dan Teori Perilaku Terencana, menggunakan uji Chi Square dan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Analisis perilaku konsumen mengahasilkan 4 strategi memotivasi kesadaran masyarakat, yakni penegakan hukum, edukasi, penyediaan fasilitas, dan insentif. Berdasarkan target Zero Waste yang ingin dicapai pemerintah pada tahun 2050, maka target proporsi rPET yang kembali menjadi bahan baku botol di tahun 2033 adalah sebesar 44%. Dari hasil simulasi System Dinamik diperoleh bahwa target proporsi rPET tersebut dapat dicapai dengan memilih scenario terbaik melalui peningkatan penegakan hukum, penyediaan fasilitas, dan insentif secara simultan (integrative) sebesar dua kali. Sedangkan strategi Edukasi diberikan peningkatan lebih, yakni sebesar 4,2 kali. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi win win solution bagi berbagai pihak terkait. Bagi perusahaan, peningkatan pendapatan melalui pengolahan nilai ekonomis produk dapat diraih karena perusahaan mendapatkan supply bahan baku tambahan dalam proses produksinya. Perusahaan juga akan mendapatkan persepsi publik yang baik akibat melakukan RL. Bagi konsumen, pemulung, dan pengepul memperoleh peningkatan nilai ekonomis sekaligus lingkungan yang lebih baik (sustainable) karena dampak buruk dari limbah yang dihasilkan produk pasca konsumsi dapat dikurangi karena proses pengelolaan limbah yang baik.
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Currently, plastic waste is a crucial problem in the world that can threaten the safety of the earth. Indonesia is the country with the second most significant level of plastic waste pollution in the ocean after China. PET is the type of plastic waste widely found and is often used for food and beverage packaging. PET plastic is the easiest type of plastic to recycle. So, PET plastic waste recycling is a solution to the problem of plastic waste that contributes to environmental safety while providing economic benefits towards a circular economy. This study aims to design an integrative PET Dynamic Reverse Logistics (RL) System model (accommodating regulatory aspects and Tripple Bottom Line) to increase the collection of post-consumption PET and the proportion of rPET as a mixture of raw materials for new PET bottles, increase income or benefits for entities and reduce the proportion of PET waste wasted in the environment. The development of policy scenario simulations focuses on consumer entities so that in the early stages, post-consumption consumer behavior analysis is carried out based on demographic elements and Planned Behavior Theory, using the Chi-Square test and the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The consumer behavior analysis resulted in 4 strategies to motivate public awareness: law enforcement, education, provision of facilities, and incentives. Based on the Zero Waste target that the government wants to achieve by 2050, the target % of rPET will return to being used as raw materials for bottles in 2033 is 44%. From the results of the Dynamic System simulation, it was obtained that the target of the rPET proportion could be achieved by choosing the best scenario through increasing law enforcement, providing facilities, and incentives simultaneously (integrative) by two times. Meanwhile, the Education strategy was given an increase of 4.2 times. The results of this research can be a win-win solution for various related parties. For the company, an increase in revenue through the processing of the economic value of the product can be achieved because the company gets an additional supply of raw materials in its production process. The company will also get a good public perception due to conducting RL. Consumers, scavengers, and collectors get increased economic value and a better environment (sustainable) because the adverse impact of waste produced by post-consumption products can be reduced due to a good waste management process.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Circular Economy, Consumer Behavior, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), Planned Behavior Theory, Reverse Logistics, System Dynamics, Ekonomi Sirkular, Perilaku Konsumen, PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), Reverse Logistics, Sistem Dinamik, Teori Perilaku Terencana. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T174 Technological forecasting T Technology > T Technology (General) > T385 Visualization--Technique T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.5 Data Processing T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Yuniar Farida |
| Date Deposited: | 11 Feb 2025 08:34 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Feb 2025 08:34 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118652 |
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