Maulana, Thoriq Akbar (2025) Studi Penanganan Muatan Kendaraan Listrik: Studi Kasus Panduan 8 Institusi Kemaritiman. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan populasi kendaraan listrik membawa risiko baru bagi industri pelayaran, khususnya kapal RoRo yang berkaitan langsung dengan pengangkutan kendaraan ini. Risiko pada kendaraan listrik adalah bobotnya yang lebih berat, yang dapat memengaruhi stabilitas kapal, serta bahaya thermal runaway yang dapat menyebabkan kebakaran sulit dikendalikan. Adanya risiko ini menuntut penyesuaian penanganan oleh industri pelayaran. Namun karena kendaraan listrik merupakan teknologi yang cukup baru, kajian mengenai risikonya bagi kapal RoRo masih terbatas. Hingga saat ini, belum ada regulasi resmi mengenai penanganan kendaraan listrik di kapal, baik dari pemerintah nasional maupun internasional (IMO). Karena urgensitas isu ini, beberapa institusi maritim internasional (Biro Klasifikasi dan Lembaga Pemerintah) telah menerbitkan panduan penanganan kendaraan listrik di kapal, namun masih bersifat umum dan belum mencakup aspek praktis. Penelitian ini mengkaji risiko kendaraan listrik bagi kapal RoRo serta penanganannya yang paling optimal dan praktikal secara teknis dan biaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam kerangka utama manajemen risiko, serta menggunakan metode perhitungan berbasis model excel, simulasi berbasis komputer, dan analisis biaya manfaat (CBA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kendaraan listrik memiliki risiko tinggi (high risk) menyebabkan overdraft pada kapal RoRo kecil (GT ~868), sementara risiko kebakaran masih tergolong menengah (medium risk). Namun, risiko kebakaran akan meningkat seiring waktu karena bertambahnya jumlah muatan kendaraan listrik berumur tua (~8 tahun) di kapal. Penanganan kendaraan listrik di kapal RoRo yang direkomendasikan adalah mencakup penggunaan Loading Computer untuk mitigasi risiko overdraft, serta penyediaan Designated Stowage Area (DSA) khusus kendaraan listrik dan Portable Water Curtain Hoses untuk mitigasi risiko kebakaran.
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The increasing population of electric vehicles introduces new risks to the maritime industry, particularly for RoRo ships that are directly involved in transporting these vehicles. The primary risks associated with electric vehicles is their heavier weight, which can affect the ship’s stability, and the hazard of thermal runaway, which can lead to fires that are difficult to control. These risks necessitate adjustments in handling practices within the maritime industry. However, as electric vehicles remain a relatively new technology, studies on their risks to RoRo ships are still limited.As of now, no official regulations exist for handling electric vehicles on ships, either at the national level or from international bodies such as the IMO. Due to the urgency of this issue, several international maritime institutions, including classification societies and government agencies, have issued guidelines for handling electric vehicles on ships. However, these guidelines remain general and lack practical implementation details.This study examines the risks posed by electric vehicles to RoRo ships and identifies the most optimal and practical handling strategies from both technical and cost perspectives. The research is conducted within the framework of risk management and utilizes Excel-based modeling, computer simulations, and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The findings indicate that electric vehicles pose a High Risk of causing overdraft on small RoRo ships (GT ~868), while the risk of fire remains moderate (Medium Risk). However, the risk of fire will increase over time as the number of older electric vehicles cargoes (~8 years old) on board grows. The recommended handling measures for electric vehicles on RoRo ships is using a Loading Computer to mitigate the risk of overdraft, and providing a Designated Stowage Area (DSA) specifically for electric vehicles, along with Portable Water Curtain Hoses to address fire hazards.
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