Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Kelembapan Pada Smart Farming Menggunakan Metode PI

Agni S B P, Yosaphat (2025) Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Kelembapan Pada Smart Farming Menggunakan Metode PI. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor ekonomi yang paling dominan di Indonesia. Dalam rangka meningkatkan produksi pertanian dilakukan mekanisasi, terutama dalam bidang alat dan mesin. Mekanisasi kini tidak hanya berkaitan dengan mesin-mesin berat seperti traktor, namun juga berhubungan dengan Internet of Things (IoT). Lahan pertanian di Indonesia dibedakan dalam dua pengelompokan besar yaitu sistem perladangan (lahan pertanian dengan sifat tanah yang kering) dan sistem persawahan (lahan pertanian dengan sifat tanah yang sangat basah). Dari karakteristik lahan yang berbeda maka dibutuhkan juga metode yang sesuai dengan masing-masing sifat tanah. Kelembapan tanah yang tidak mencukupi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan tanaman, sedangkan jika berlebih dapat menyebabkan pembusukan tanaman. Sehingga menjaga kelembaban tanah di area perladangan merupakan kunci dalam peningkatan produktivitas pertanian.
Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut maka dikembangkan alat yaitu sistem Smart Farming dalam penerapan penyiraman otomatis. Sistem dalam proyek ini merupakan sebuah sistem manajemen irigasi dan monitoring berbasis IoT yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi kinerja di sektor pertanian. Sistem ini didasarkan pada otomatisasi melalui perangkat sensor yang membantu para pengguna untuk memantau dan memelihara tanaman. Sistem irigasi terdiri dari PLC, sensor kelembapan dan pompa. PLC menerima sinyal input melalui sensor kelembapan yang dibandingkan dengan set point menghasilkan output PLC. Sinyal output mengendalikan pompa yang mengalirkan air. Sistem akan otomatis bekerja untuk mencapai kelembapan tanaman jahe pada 30%. Dalam penelitian ini telah dirancang sebuah sistem kontrol kelembapan tanah berbasis PI control yang diterapkan dalam PLC Haiwell dengan gain kontroler Kp = 1 dan konstanta waktu integral Ki = 1. Sistem memiliki Rise Time sebesar 0,63 s, Peak Time sebesar 1 s, Settling Time sebesar 27 s, Overshoot sebesar 7% dan Steady-state error sebesar 0,7%. Sistem dapat beroperasi secara mandiri tanpa operator kecuali saat proses inisialisasi/setup. Sistem kontrol irigasi berbasis PLC dapat membantu petani menghemat waktu dan biaya dalam monitoring kelembapan tanah serta meningkatkan efisiensi irigasi dengan menghemat penggunaan air.
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Agriculture is one of the most dominant economic sectors in Indonesia. In order to increase farming yields, farms are mechanized, especially on farming equipment and machinery. Nowadays, mechanization not only concerns heavy machinery such as tractors, but also Internet of Things (IoT), Agricultural land in Indonesia is divided into two major groupings, namely the plantation system (agricultural land has dry soil properties) and the rice field system (agricultural land has very wet soil properties). From the different characteristics of the land, it also requires methods that are in accordance with each of the soil characteristics. Insufficient soil moisture can cause plant damage, while excess of it can cause plant rot. So, maintaining soil moisture and understanding the weather conditions in the farming area is key to increasing agricultural productivity.
One of the devices being developed is the Smart Farming automated watering system. The system is an IoT-based irrigation and monitoring system that could increase efficiency in the agricultural sector. This irrigation system is fully based on automatization through sensors that help users to monitor and take care of the crops. The irrigation system consists of PLC, humidity sensor and pump. The PLC receives an input signal through the humidity sensor which is compared to the set point resulting in the PLC output. The output signal controls the pump that delivers water. The system will automatically work to reach soil humidity for ginger plants at 30%. In this research, a soil moisture control system based on PID control that are implemented in Haiwell PLC has been designed with controller gain Kp = 1 and integral time constant Ki = 1. The system has a Rise Time of 0.63 s, Peak Time of 1 s, Settling Time of 27 s, Overshoot of 7% and Steady-state error of 0.7%. The system can operate independently without an operator except during the initialisation/setup process. The PLC-based irrigation control system can help farmers save time and money in monitoring soil moisture and improve irrigation efficiency by saving water usage.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Smart Farming, monitoring, otomasi, irigasi, automation, irrigation
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD233 Water consumption T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD481 Water distribution systems T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2681.B47 Electric motors, Direct current.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Yosaphat Agni S.B.P.
Date Deposited:	21 Mar 2025 02:25
Last Modified:	21 Mar 2025 02:25
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118981

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