Kelimpahan dan Karakteristik Plastik dalam Proses Biokonversi Sampah Sisa Makanan Menggunakan Black Soldier Fly

Octavia, Lusya Sevyana (2025) Kelimpahan dan Karakteristik Plastik dalam Proses Biokonversi Sampah Sisa Makanan Menggunakan Black Soldier Fly. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan timbulan sampah berkaitan erat dengan pertumbuhan penduduk. Komposisi sampah terbesar di Indonesia didominasi oleh sampah sisa makanan (41,09%) dan sampah plastik (19,13%). Salah satu teknologi pengolahan sampah sisa makanan adalah biokonversi menggunakan Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Namun, kondisi pemilahan sampah yang belum optimal berpotensi menyebabkan kontaminasi sampah plastik dalam proses biokonversi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komposisi substrat makanan BSF, serta kelimpahan makro-, meso-, dan mikroplastik pada substrat makanan dan residunya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan substrat terhadap kelimpahan mikroplastik, serta terhadap pertumbuhan larva. Komposisi substrat makanan BSF dianalisis menggunakan SNI 19-3964-1994 pada PDU Jambangan dan Rumah Kompos Wonorejo. Percobaan skala laboratorium dilakukan melalui penambahan substrat eksisting dengan sampah sisa makanan dari restoran. Variasinya, yaitu 100%:0%; 75%:25%; 50%:50%; 25%:75%; serta 0%:100%. Variasi lain berupa feeding rate 100 mg/larva.hari dan 20 mg/larva.hari, serta penambahan partikel mikroplastik 0% dan 0,02% dari berat basah. Preparasi sampel substrat dan residu dilakukan dengan Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO), sedangkan pada larva menggunakan KOH 10%. Identifikasi dilakukan secara optical microscopy dengan mikroskop stereo dan Dino-Lite microscope camera AM7915, serta software DinoCapture 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sampah biodegradable dan sampah plastik mendominasi substrat makanan di kedua lokasi. Persentase masing-masing komponen sebesar 90,79% dan 7,63% pada Wonorejo, serta 96,93% dan 2,28% pada Jambangan. Wonorejo memiliki 36,62% komponen substrat yang dicerna oleh BSF, sedangkan Jambangan sebesar 74%. Kelimpahan plastik pada Jambangan, yaitu 12 partikel makroplastik/kg substrat, 9 partikel mesoplastik/kg substrat, serta 334 partikel mikroplastik/kg substrat. Wonorejo memiliki kelimpahan plastik sebesar 40 partikel makroplastik/kg substrat, 35 partikel mesoplastik/kg substrat, serta 734 partikel mikroplastik/kg substrat. Pola serupa ditemukan pada residu BSF, dimana pada Wonorejo kelimpahan mikroplastik sebesar 484 partikel/kg residu. Jambangan memiliki kelimpahan yang lebih rendah, yaitu 250 partikel/kg residu. Plastik tersebut didominasi jenis sekunder dengan bentuk film berwarna transparan. Ukuran makroplastik didominasi oleh partikel 2,5 - 10 cm, sedangkan mikroplastik dominan ukuran 1 µm – 1 mm. Penambahan substrat 100% dari Jambangan menghasilkan kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi, sebesar 8 partikel/larva BSF. Keberadaan mikroplastik pada tubuh BSF berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laju pertumbuhannya. Penambahan mikroplastik 0,02% dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan larva yang ditandai dengan turunnya nilai AGRrata-rata.
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The increase in solid waste generation is closely related to population growth. The largest composition of Indonesian solid waste is dominated by food waste (41,09%) and plastic waste (19,13%). One of the technologies for treating food waste is the bioconversion process using Black Soldier Fly (BSF). However, suboptimal solid waste segregation can potentially cause plastic contamination in the bioconversion process. This research aims to determine the composition of BSF substrates and the abundance of macro-, meso-, and microplastics in the substrates and frass. Additionally, the aim of this research is to examine the effect of substrate addition on microplastic abundance and larval growth. The composition of BSF substrates was analyzed using SNI 19-3964-1994. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted by adding existing substrates with food waste from restaurant. The variations applied were 100%:0%; 75%:25%; 50%:50%; 25%:75%; and 0%:100%. Other variations included were feeding rates at 100 mg/larva.day and 20 mg/larva.day, as well as microplastic particles added at 0% and 0,02% of the wet weight. Sample preparation of BSF substrates and frass was carried out using Wet Peroxide Oxidation (WPO), while larvae were treated with 10% KOH. Identification was performed using optical microscopy with a stereo microscope and Dino-Lite microscope camera AM7915, as well as DinoCapture 3.0 software. The results showed that biodegradable waste and plastic waste dominated the food substrates at both locations. The percentages of each component were 90,79% and 7,63% at Wonorejo Composting Center, and 96,93% and 2,28% at Jambangan Recycling Center. Wonorejo had 36,62% of the BSF-degradable waste, while Jambangan had 74%. The abundances of plastic at Jambangan were 12 macroplastic particles/kg substrate, 9 mesoplastic particles/kg substrate, and 334 microplastic particles/kg substrate. Wonorejo had an abundance of 40 macroplastic particles/kg substrate, 35 mesoplastic particles/kg substrate, and 734 microplastic particles/kg substrate. A similar pattern was found in BSF frass, with microplastic abundance at Wonorejo being 484 particles/kg residue and at Jambangan 250 particles/kg residue. The plastic was predominantly secondary type and transparent film. Macroplastic sizes were dominated by particles of 2,5 - 10 cm, while microplastics were predominantly 1 µm – 1 mm in size. Adding 100% substrate from Jambangan resulted in the highest microplastikc abundance, at 8 particles/BSF larvae. The presence of microplastics in BSF larvae significantly affected their growth rate. The addition of 0,02% microplastics inhibiting larval growth, indicated by a decrease in average AGR value.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Black Soldier Fly, Komposisi Substrat Makanan, Mikroplastik, Pertumbuhan Larva, Food Waste Composition, Larval Growth, Microplastic
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.P62 Microplastics--Environmental aspects.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Lusya Sevyana Octavia
Date Deposited:	17 Apr 2025 06:41
Last Modified:	17 Apr 2025 06:41
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/119024

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