Kamil, Ihsan (2025) Pemanfaatan Lahan Kritis Dalam Sistem Penyediaan Pasokan Biomassa Berbasis Ekonomi Sirkular Dalam Upaya Adaptasi Dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus: Lahan Kritis Di Kabupaten Gunungkidul). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Percepatan perubahan iklim global akibat peningkatan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) telah mendorong Indonesia untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil, termasuk batu bara. Indonesia yang merupakan bagian negara pihak yang menyetujui Perjanjian Paris, telah menyusun langkah adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim melalui penetapan target Enhanced Nationally Determined Contributions (ENDC). Salah satu target dalam ENDC yaitu pemanfaatan biomassa sebagai sumber energi terbarukan melalui skema cofiring biomassa di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU). Tantangan utama dalam implementasi cofiring biomassa adalah ketersediaan pasokan yang stabil. Penelitian ini mengusulkan pemanfaatan lahan kritis sebagai sumber biomassa berkelanjutan melalui konsep Integrated Farming System (IFS) dengan pendekatan ekonomi sirkular. Lahan kritis seluas 12,74 juta hektar di Indonesia berpotensi dikonversi menjadi hutan energi dengan tanaman Indigofera, Kaliandra, dan Gamal, yang juga mendukung ketahanan pangan melalui pakan ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis karakteristik lahan kritis yang cocok untuk budidaya tanaman energi serta menghitung estimasi pengurangan emisi GRK dari cofiring biomassa yang berasal dari tanaman energi, (2) menyusun roadmap rencana pemanfaatan lahan kritis untuk realisasi target cofiring biomassa 9 juta ton per tahun, (3) menyusun stakeholder mapping & management dengan mengintegrasikan konsep IFS, ekonomi sirkular dan RAN-API. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method dengan studi kasus di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan analisis, yaitu: analisis spasial untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan lahan kritis yang berpotensi ditanami tanaman energi; analisis laboratorium untuk menguji kesesuaian tanah berdasarkan parameter fisik dan kimia; serta analisis perhitungan proyeksi pengurangan emisi GRK menggunakan metode-1 tier 1 IPCC. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan analisis SWOT dan konsep ekonomi sirkular untuk menyusun strategi implementasi, serta teknik stakeholder mapping melalui matriks power-interest untuk mengidentifikasi peran dan tingkat pengaruh masing-masing pemangku kepentingan dalam mendukung pengembangan sistem rantai pasok biomassa berbasis lahan kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari total lahan kritis nasional sebesar 12,74 juta hektar, dibutuhkan sekitar 4,5 juta hektar lahan untuk mendukung target cofiring biomassa sebesar 9 juta ton per tahun pada 2030. Kajian evaluasi kesesuaian lahan menunjukkan bahwa wilayah studi di Gunungkidul tergolong sesuai untuk budidaya tanaman energi, khususnya Indigofera dan Kaliandra. Simulasi cofiring di PLTU Pacitan menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan biomassa dari lahan kritis mampu menurunkan emisi GRK hingga 13,275 Mton CO₂e pada tahun 2030, dengan proyeksi 11% substitusi biomassa dari total konsumsi batu bara. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi 10 aktor kunci (key players) dalam peta stakeholder yang perlu dilibatkan secara aktif untuk menjamin keberhasilan implementasi program berbasis ekonomi sirkular dan sistem pertanian terpadu.
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The acceleration of global climate change due to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has encouraged Indonesia to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, including coal. Indonesia, a state party to the Paris Agreement, has developed climate change adaptation and mitigation measures through the establishment of Enhanced Nationally Determined Contributions (ENDC) targets. One of the targets in ENDC is the utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source through biomass cofiring scheme in Steam Power Plant (PLTU). The main challenge in implementing biomass cofiring is the availability of a stable supply. This research proposes the utilization of critical land as a sustainable biomass source through the concept of Integrated Farming System (IFS) with a circular economy approach. The 12.74 million hectares of critical land in Indonesia has the potential to be converted into energy forests with Indigofera, Kaliandra, and Gamal plants, which also support food security through animal feed. The objectives of this research are (1) to identify and analyze the characteristics of critical land suitable for energy crop cultivation and to calculate the estimated GHG emission reduction from cofiring biomass derived from energy crops, (2) to develop a roadmap for critical land utilization plan to realize the biomass cofiring target of 9 million tons per year, (3) to develop stakeholder mapping & management by integrating the concepts of IFS, circular economy and RAN-API. This research adopts a mixed-method approach using a case study in Gunungkidul Regency. Several stages of analysis were conducted, including spatial analysis to identify and map degraded lands suitable for energy crops; laboratory analysis to assess soil suitability based on physical and chemical parameters; and GHG emission reduction projections calculated using the IPCC Tier 1 Method-1. Additionally, the study incorporates SWOT analysis and the circular economy concept to formulate implementation strategies, along with stakeholder role assessment using the power-interest matrix to identify the influence and involvement levels of each stakeholder in supporting the development of a biomass supply chain based on degraded lands. The findings indicate that out of 12.74 million hectares of national degraded land, approximately 4.5 million hectares are required to support the biomass cofiring target of 9 million tons per year by 2030. Land suitability evaluations reveal that the study area in Gunungkidul is favorable for cultivating energy crops, particularly Indigofera and Calliandra. A cofiring simulation at the Pacitan coal power plant demonstrates that utilizing biomass from degraded land could reduce GHG emissions by up to 13,275 Mtons of CO₂e in 2030, projecting an 11% biomass substitution of total coal consumption. This study also identifies 10 key stakeholders that must be actively engaged to ensure the successful implementation of the circular economy-based program and integrated farming system.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Perubahan Iklim, Lahan Kritis, Penyediaan Biomassa, Ekonomi Sirkular, ENDC, Climate Change, Degraded Land, Biomass Supply, Circular Economy, ENDC |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) > S593.2 Soil Structure T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD878.47 Soil remediation T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1322.6 Electric power-plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ihsan Kamil |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2025 03:24 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2025 03:24 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120187 |
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