Verarita, Dea Puspita and Satwika, I Ketut Somya (2025) Desain Pabrik Natrium Karbonat dengan Pemanfaatan CO2 dari Flue Gas PLTU Paiton Unit 7 melalui Metode Karbonasi dengan NaOH. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kebutuhan Natrium Karbonat (Na₂CO₃) di Indonesia sejak tahun 2020 sangat signifikan di bidang ekonomi dengan besar kebutuhan menurut data Badan Pusat Statistik 2020 adalah sebesar ±523 ribu ton. Namun, kebutuhan yang besar akan Na₂CO₃ berbanding sangat terbalik dengan produksi dalam negerinya. Dikarenakan hingga saat ini, awal 2024, Indonesia masih memenuhi kebutuhan Na₂CO₃ melalui 100% impor karena masih belum ada pabrik yang memproduksi Na₂CO₃. Disaat bersamaan, peningkatan konsumsi energi listrik akibat pertumbuhan penduduk dan kemajuan teknologi mengakibatkan peningkatan gas rumah kaca dikarenakan pembangkit listrik di Indonesia masih mengandalkan tenaga uap dengan bahan baku batu bara. CO₂ menjadi jenis gas rumah kaca yang paling sering dipantau perkembangannya karena merupakan indikator dalam degradasi lingkungan. Di saat yang sama, Melihat permasalahan ini, penulis mencoba untuk mengkaji kelayakan pembangunan pabrik Na₂CO₃ menggunakan proses utama karbonasi melalui adsorpsi CO₂ dalam larutan NaOH. Sehingga selain untuk memenuhi sebagian kebutuhan dalam negeri, pembangunan pabrik ini juga akan mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca CO₂. Pabrik ini direncanakan untuk memproduksi Na₂CO₃ dengan kapasitas 300.000 ton per tahun di Paiton, Probolinggo, Indonesia, dengan memanfaatkan CO₂ dalam flue gas yang dihasilkan PLTU Paiton Unit 7. Rancangan pembangunan pabrik ini akan mencakup diagram alur proses (PFD), diagram instrumentasi dan perpipaan (P&ID) sederhana, studi bahaya dan operabilitas (HAZOP) awal, spesifikasi peralatan, dan analisis ekonomi. Dari analisa ekonomi, kebutuhan modal tetap (FCI) Rp 1.322.421.501.517,18; kebutuhan modal kerja (WCI) Rp 466.737.000.535,48; besar CAPEX Rp 1.555.790.001.784,92; dan besar OPEX Rp 2.135.626.804.278,73. Pabrik akan mulai dididirkan pada tahun 2026 dengan masa konstruksi 2 tahun dan akan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2028. Didapatkan Net Present Value Rp 1.406.373.973.619,17; dengan Internal Rate of Return 33,55%. Pay Out Time adalah 5,92 atau 6 tahun, dengan Break Even Point sebesar 33,55% dari kapasitas. Sehingga Pabrik natrium karbonat (Na₂CO₃) layak didirkan.
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The demand for Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) in Indonesia since 2020 has been significant in the economic sector. According to data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in 2020, the demand was approximately 523.000 tons. However, the large demand for Na₂CO₃ is in stark contrast to domestic production. As of early 2024, Indonesia still meets its Na₂CO₃ needs entirely through imports, as there is no local production facility for Na₂CO₃. At the same time, the increase in electricity consumption due to population growth and technological advancements has led to higher greenhouse gas emissions, as the country's power plants still rely on coal-fired steam power. CO₂ is the most frequently monitored greenhouse gas, as it is a key indicator of environmental degradation. In response to this issue, the author attempts to assess the feasibility of building a Na₂CO₃ production plant using the carbonation process by adsorbing CO₂ in NaOH solution. In addition to meeting part of the domestic demand, the establishment of this plant would also help reduce CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions. This plant is planned to produce Na₂CO₃ with a capacity of 300,000 tons per year in Paiton, Probolinggo, Indonesia, utilizing CO₂ from the flue gas of the Paiton Unit 7 power plant. The plant design will include a process flow diagram (PFD), a simple piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID), an initial hazard and operability study (HAZOP), equipment specifications, and an economic analysis. From the economic analysis, the fixed capital investment (FCI) is estimated at IDR 1.322.421.501.517,18; working capital investment (WCI) at IDR 466.737.000.535,48; total Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) at IDR 1.555.790.001.784,92; and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) at IDR 2.135.626.804.278,73. The plant is scheduled to begin construction in 2026, with a 2-year construction period, and will start operations in 2028. The Net Present Value (NPV) is IDR 1.406.373.973.619,17; with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 27,22%. The Payback Period is 5,92 or 6 years, with a Break Even Point at 33,55% of capacity. Therefore, the sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) plant is considered feasible for establishment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | emisi CO₂, natrium karbonat, karbonasi, absorpsi rekatif, CO₂ emissions, sodium carbonate, carbonation, reactive absorbtion |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Dea Puspita Verarita |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2025 07:00 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2025 07:00 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120300 |
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