Performance of Floating Constructed Wetlands Using Eichhornia crassipes and Typha latifolia to Reduce BOD and COD of Domestic Water Pollution

Azizani, Rofi (2025) Performance of Floating Constructed Wetlands Using Eichhornia crassipes and Typha latifolia to Reduce BOD and COD of Domestic Water Pollution. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Rapid population growth, low public awareness of the importance of sanitation, and limited wastewater management infrastructure have led to increased water pollution, especially in urban areas. In Indonesia, this problem is clearly visible in many rivers that are polluted due to direct domestic waste disposal without prior treatment, one of which is the Kalidami River in Surabaya. Wastewater discharged into the river generally contains high organic matter loads, such as BOD and COD which can reduce water quality and disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems. One solution to overcome this problem is the use of phytoremediation technology in Floating Constructed Wetlands (FCWs) with floating and emergent plants. This method is considered effective, efficient, environmentally friendly and has relatively low operational costs. This study used aquatic plants namely water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and emergent plants namely Typha latifolia, as single cultures or in combination (mixed cultures) in a FCWs to treat polluted Kalidami River water. The stages of the study included plant propagation for 25 days, acclimatization for 7 days, river water sampling, testing of initial sample characteristics, installation of a laboratory-scale floating wetland with a batch system, and analysis of BOD, COD, and TSS reduction for 10 days (testing on days 0, 1, 4, 7, and 10). The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of reduction efficiency in each treatment in reducing organic pollutant levels in polluted river water. The results showed that the floating constructed wetlands system with single water hyacinth plants can reduce BOD by 73.33%, COD by 54.17%, and TSS by 62.75%. The system with a combination of water hyacinth and Typha latifolia produced a BOD reduction efficiency of 57.14%, COD by 44.44%, and TSS by 46.43%. Meanwhile, the system with a single Typha latifolia plant showed a decrease in BOD of 50.38%, COD 29.82%, and TSS 36.00%. FCWs technology with this plant is quite efficient in improving the quality of domestic wastewater before it is directly discharged into the river.
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Pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat, rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya sanitasi, dan terbatasnya infrastruktur pengelolaan air limbah menyebabkan meningkatnya pencemaran air, terutama di wilayah perkotaan. Di Indonesia, permasalahan ini terlihat jelas pada banyaknya sungai yang tercemar akibat pembuangan limbah domestik secara langsung tanpa adanya pengolahan terlebih dahulu, salah satunya adalah Sungai Kalidami di Surabaya. Air limbah yang dibuang ke sungai pada umumnya mengandung beban bahan organik yang tinggi, seperti BOD dan COD yang dapat menurunkan kualitas air dan mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem perairan. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan teknologi fitoremediasi di lahan basah terapung dengan menggunakan tanaman akuatik. Metode ini dinilai efektif, efisien, ramah lingkungan, dan memiliki biaya operasional yang relatif rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan tanaman akuatik yaitu eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan tanaman emergent yaitu Typha latifolia secara tunggal maupun kombinasi (mixed cultures) dalam sistem lahan basah terapung untuk mengolah air Sungai Kalidami yang tercemar. Tahapan penelitian meliputi propagasi tanaman selama 25 hari, aklimatisasi selama 7 hari, pengambilan sampel air sungai, pengujian karakteristik awal sampel, instalasi sistem lahan basah terapung skala laboratorium dengan sistem batch, serta pemantauan dan analisis penurunan BOD, COD, dan TSS selama 10 hari (pengujian pada hari ke-0, 1, 4, 7, dan 10). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan persentase efisiensi penurunan pada masing-masing perlakuan dalam menurunkan kadar polutan bahan organik pada air sungai tercemar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sistem lahan basah terapung dengan tanaman eceng gondok tunggal mampu menurunkan BOD sebesar 73,33%, COD 54,17%, dan TSS 62,75%. Sistem dengan kombinasi eceng gondok dan Typha latifolia menghasilkan efisiensi penurunan BOD sebesar 57,14%, COD 44,44%, dan TSS 46,43%. Sementara itu, sistem dengan tanaman Typha latifolia tunggal menunjukkan penurunan BOD sebesar 50,38%, COD 29,82%, dan TSS 36,00%. Teknologi lahan basah terapung dengan tanaman ini cukup efisien dalam memperbaiki kualitas air limbah domestik sebelum langsung dibuang ke sungai.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Floating Constructed Wetlands, BOD, COD, Phytoremediation, Water quality. Lahan basah terapung, BOD, COD, Fitoremediasi, Kualitas air
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.5 Bioremediation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.75 Phytoremediation. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.S47 Sewage disposal plants--Environmental aspects T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rofi Azizani
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2025 01:05
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2025 01:05
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120594

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