Strategi Pengembangan Infrastruktur Kendaraan Listrik Untuk Mendukung Transisi Energi Bersih di Kota Baubau

Marwing, Suprianto (2025) Strategi Pengembangan Infrastruktur Kendaraan Listrik Untuk Mendukung Transisi Energi Bersih di Kota Baubau. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transisi menuju energi bersih merupakan prioritas nasional dalam menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), terutama dari sektor transportasi darat yang masih didominasi kendaraan berbahan bakar fosil. Kota Baubau, sebagai wilayah kepulauan di Sulawesi Tenggara, menghadapi tantangan dalam pengembangan ekosistem kendaraan listrik (EV), khususnya terkait infrastruktur, regulasi, dan penerimaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi pengembangan infrastruktur kendaraan listrik di Baubau sebagai bagian dari agenda transisi energi. Metode yang digunakan adalah mixed methods, pertama perhitungan emisi CO₂ sektor transportasi darat dengan survei Traffic Counting dan pendekatan topdown menggunakan data kendaraan terdaftar.
Kedua, survei terhadap masyarakat dilakukan untuk mengukur kesiapan, minat, dan hambatan dalam mengadopsi kendaraan listrik, menggunakan kuesioner daring. Temuan survei ini dilengkapi dengan wawancara mendalam dengan stakeholder utama (Bappeda, Dishub, DLH, PLN, dan dealer EV) untuk menggali faktor-faktor strategis. Metode Analytical
Hierarchy Process (AHP) digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas strategi berdasarkan tiga kriteria utama: penurunan emisi, efektivitas adopsi, dan kemudahan implementasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total emisi sektor transportasi darat di Kota Baubau mencapai 70.887 ton CO₂ per tahun, dengan kontribusi terbesar berasal dari sepeda motor (44%). Simulasi konversi kendaraan konvensional ke kendaraan listrik menunjukkan potensi penurunan emisi antara 3.180 hingga 25.511 ton CO₂ per tahun. Estimasi kebutuhan SPKLU berkisar antara 15 hingga 119 unit. Lima strategi utama yang diidentifikasi melalui wawancara adalah penguatan regulasi dan insentif fiskal, integrasi infrastruktur dalam tata ruang, edukasi publik, layanan purna jual, dan pengelolaan limbah baterai. Hasil AHP menunjukkan bahwa strategi penguatan regulasi dan insentif fiskal memiliki skor tertinggi (0,3543), diikuti oleh integrasi infrastruktur dalam tata ruang (0,2993) yang dapat menjadi dasar bagi perumusan kebijakan pengembangan kendaraan listrik didaerah.
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The transition to clean energy is a national priority in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly from the land transportation sector, which remains dominated by fossil-fueled vehicles. Baubau City, an archipelagic region
in Southeast Sulawesi, faces specific challenges in developing an electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem, especially in terms of infrastructure readiness, regulatory support,
and public acceptance. This study aims to formulate strategies for EV infrastructure development in Baubau as part of the broader clean energy transition agenda.
A mixed-methods approach was employed. First, CO₂ emissions from the land transportation sector were estimated using a combination of Traffic Counting surveys and a top-down approach based on registered vehicle data. Second, a public
survey was conducted via an online questionnaire to assess readiness, interest, and barriers to EV adoption. The survey findings were further enriched through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders (Bappeda, Transportation Agency, Environmental Agency, PLN, and EV dealers) to explore strategic influencing factors. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied to determine strategic
priorities based on three main criteria: emission reduction, adoption effectiveness, and ease of implementation.
The results show that total annual CO₂ emissions from Baubau’s land transportation sector reach 70.887 tons, with motorcycles contributing the largest share (44%). Simulations of converting conventional vehicles to EVs demonstrate a potential emission reduction ranging from 3.180 to 25.511tons CO₂ per year. The estimated need for public EV charging stations (SPKLU) ranges from 15 to 119
units. Five key strategies were identified through interviews: strengthening local regulations and fiscal incentives, integrating EV infrastructure into spatial planning, public education campaigns, after-sales service enhancement, and battery waste management. AHP analysis revealed that the strategy of strengthening regulations
and fiscal incentives scored the highest (0,3543), followed by infrastructure integration into spatial plans (0,2993), both of which serve as a foundation for formulating local EV development policies.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kendaraan listrik, Emisi CO₂, Transisi energi bersih, Infrastruktur transportasi, Kesiapan masyarakat, Strategi kebijakan, Kota
Subjects:	Q Science
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Suprianto Marwing
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2025 08:51
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2025 08:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120638

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