Putra, Ilham Satria Raditya (2025) Analisis dan Evaluasi Potensi Dampak Proses Pengolahan Air Selama Operasional PLTU C Menggunakan Metode Penilaian Siklus Hidup. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Proses pengolahan air menjadi bagian penting dalam proses pembangkitan listrik PLTU C, yang berfungsi sebagai sumber uap dan media transfer panas selama proses pendinginan. Kualitas air dikontrol dengan penambahan berbagai bahan kimia. Pengendalian dengan bahan kimia di sisi lain menjadi penyebab timbulnya pencemar yang dapat menyebar ke badan air apabila tidak terolah secara baik. Secara tidak langsung juga mempengaruhi kehidupan biota air dan kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dampak yang paling dominan yang mempengaruhi kualitas badan air selama proses pembangkitan listrik di PLTU C, mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi unit proses yang memberikan kontribusi dampak lingkungan paling dominan untuk mengukur efektivitas program pengelolaan lingkungan eksisting, serta menyusun skenario program penurunan dampak lingkungan yang teridentifikasi dan merekomendasikan program lingkungan yang sesuai berdasarkan hasil skenario tersebut. Evaluasi dampak lingkungan dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan Penilaian Siklus Hidup (PSH) untuk menganalisis secara komprehensif dampak lingkungan yang terkait dengan setiap tahapan pengolahan air dalam lingkup cradle to gate dalam periode 2021 – 2023. Pendekatan ini diterapkan dengan metode CML-IA Baseline untuk 6 kategori dampak serta ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) dengan 8 kategori dampak. Pendekatan dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data operasional dalam lingkup aliran proses pengolahan air, penggunaan bahan kimia, penyimpanan dan penyerahan limbah B3 kepada pengelola atau pengolah limbah B3, dan data kualitas air limbah. Tahap selanjutnya adalah menganalisis kategori dampak menggunakan perangkat lunak SimaPro untuk mengukur potensi dampak lingkungan. Interpretasi hasil evaluasi dan analisis skenario dilakukan untuk mengkaji berbagai skenario untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dan mengevaluasi potensi manfaat dari berbagai langkah optimalisasi. Selain itu analisis melalui aspek finansial dan manajemen risiko diterapkan untuk mendukung hasil interpretasi. Melalui penelitian ini, diperoleh dampak dominan dari kedua metode yang digunakan, yaitu dampak marine aquatic ecotoxicity dan terrestrial ecotoxicity. Unit proses yang memberikan dampak terbesar adalah Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), yang dipengaruhi oleh hasil akumulasi residu bahan kimia selama proses pengolahan air. Skenario program lingkungan yang direkomendasikan untuk menurunkan dampak lingkungan antara lain program penggantian bahan kimia koagulan, pemanfaatan oli bekas, pengisian ulang kemasan bekas bahan B3, dan pengeringan sludge, dengan analisis manajemen risiko yang mendukung penanganan nilai risiko tertinggi dengan keempat program lingkungan tersebut. Dampak paling signifikan dari penerapan program tersebut adalah dampak global warming potential (GWP) dengan masing-masing metode sebesar 13,86% dan 14,04%. Analisis aspek finansial diperoleh total nilai penghematan sebesar Rp 820.191.688 selama kurun waktu 5 tahun.
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Water treatment process is an important part of the power generation process of Coal Fired Power Plant (CFPP) C. This cycle provides both the steam source and the heat transfer medium during the cooling process. Water quality is controlled by the addition of various chemicals. Chemical treatment, on the other hand, causes pollutants which may spread to water bodies if not treated properly. It also indirectly affects the life of aquatic biota and human health. This study aims to determine the most dominant impacts that affect the quality of water bodies during the power generation process at CFPP C, identify and evaluate process units that contribute the most dominant environmental impacts to measure the effectiveness of existing environmental management programs, as well as develop scenarios of environmental impact reduction programs identified and recommend appropriate environmental programs based on the results of the scenario. The environmental impact evaluation was conducted using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to comprehensively analyze the environmental impacts associated with each stage of the water treatment within the scope of cradle to gate in the period 2021 – 2023. This approach is applied with the CML-IA Baseline method for 6 impact categories and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) with 8 impact categories. The approach is carried out by collecting operational data within the scope of all water treatment process flows, chemical usage, storage and disposal of hazardous waste to hazardous waste processors, and wastewater quality data. The next step is to analyze the impact categories using SimaPro software to measure the potential environmental impacts associated with the water cycle. Interpretation of evaluation results and scenario analysis were conducted to assess various strategies to reduce environmental impacts and evaluate the potential benefits of various optimization measures. Furthermore, financial analysis and risk management analysis were applied to support the interpretation of the results.
Within this research, the dominant impacts of the two methods used are marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The process unit with the largest impact is the WWTP, which is affected by the accumulation of chemical residues during the water treatment process. The recommended environmental program scenarios to reduce environmental impacts include the coagulant chemical replacement program, the utilization of used oil, the refilling of used packaging of hazardous materials, and sludge drying, with risk management analysis supporting the handling of the highest risk value with the four environmental programs. The most significant impact of implementing the program is the global warming potential (GWP) impact with 13.86% and 14.04% respectively. The financial aspect analysis obtained a total savings value of IDR 820,191,688 over a period of 5 years.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | hotspot, manajemen risiko, pembangkit listrik tenaga uap, penilaian siklus hidup, siklus pengolahan air, coal fired power plant, hotspot, life cycle assessment, risk management, water treatment cycle |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ilham Satria Raditya Putra |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Jul 2025 06:38 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Jul 2025 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120767 |
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