Optimasi Supply Chain Untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Penyediaan Biomassa Dalam Perencanaan Subsidi Listrik

Rusydi, Abdullah (2025) Optimasi Supply Chain Untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Penyediaan Biomassa Dalam Perencanaan Subsidi Listrik. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Co-firing biomassa di PLTU batubara merupakan salah satu program utama pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan porsi bauran energi baru dan terbarukan. Pada pelaksanaanya, terdapat tantangan yang muncul, yaitu tingginya biaya transportasi penyediaan akibat lokasi supply yang sangat tersebar. Hal tersebut berdampak kepada peningkatan biaya pokok penyediaan PLN dan subsidi listrik dalam APBN. Selain itu, campuran co-firing juga dapat mengurangi nilai kalor tertimbang dalam proses pembakaran. Dengan peningkatan target penyediaan yang mencapai 10,11 juta ton pada 2025, tentu menjadi tantangan besar bagi PLN, baik dari segi biaya, maupun dari pemenuhan nilai kalor di PLTU. Untuk itu, perlu dibangun sistem rantai pasok secara optimal yang dapat mengakomodir pengolahan biomassa dengan kalori rendah. Hub and Spoke menjadi solusi praktis dan berperan penting dalam transhipment serta pengolahan biomassa tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, didesain model rantai pasok pada 6 lokasi PLTU yang menjadi representasi untuk mengetahui dampak biaya, distribusi biomassa, dan penentuan operasional dari Hub dengan menggunakan optimasi dari Mixed Integer Linear Programming. Hasil permodelan yang dibuat menunjukkan penurunan biaya transportasi sebesar 15,72%, serta berdampak kepada penurunan subsidi listrik sebesar Rp43.694.354.614 pada APBN 2025.
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Co-firing biomass in coal-fired power plants is one of the key programs of the Indonesian government to increase the share of new and renewable energy in the national energy mix. However, its implementation faces challenges, particularly the high transportation costs due to the widely scattered supply locations. This situation leads to an increase in PLN's costs and electricity subsidies in APBN. Additionally, the biomass mixture used in co-firing can reduce the weighted calorific value during the combustion process. With the supply target set to reach 10.11 million tons by 2025, this presents a significant challenge for PLN—both in terms of cost and the required calorific value for PLTU operations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an optimized supply chain system that can accommodate the processing of low-calorific-value biomass. The Hub and Spoke model offers a practical solution and plays a critical role in both transshipment and biomass processing. In this study, a supply chain model was designed for 6 PLTU locations as representatives, to analyze the cost impact, biomass distribution, and operational planning of the Hubs using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization. The results of the model show a 15.72% reduction in transportation costs and a reduction in electricity subsidies by IDR 43,694,354,614 in the APBN year 2025.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biomassa, Hub and Spoke, Mixed Integer Linear Programming, biaya transportasi, subsidi listrik, biomass, Hub and Spoke, Mixed Integer Linear Programming, transportation costs, electricity subsidy
Subjects:	Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA402.6 Transportation problems (Programming) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.74 Linear programming T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Abdullah Rusydi
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 02:06
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 02:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120896

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