Desain Pabrik Surfaktan Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Berbasis Lignin Dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS)

Aurelitha, Kirei Sukma and Nafiah, Rafie Ali (2025) Desain Pabrik Surfaktan Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Berbasis Lignin Dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Surfaktan Sodium Lignosulfonat (SLS) merupakan surfaktan anionik dengan gugus hidrofilik sebagai bagian kepala dan gugus hidrokarbon sebagai bagian ekornya. Struktur tersebut menyebabkan surfaktan lebih mudah larut di dalam air. Saat ini, kebutuhan akan surfaktan di Indonesia semakin meningkat seiring perkembangan industri deterjen, tekstil, kertas, polimer, serta teknologi Enhanced Oil Recovery. Pemenuhan kebutuhan surfaktan di Indonesia masih mengandalkan impor dari negara lain. Surfaktan Sodium Lignosulfonat (SLS) dapat digunakan dalam industri sebagai penunjang Yield yang dihasilkan dari teknologi Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Menurut Department of Energy United States, teknologi EOR dapat meningkatkan kapasitas produksi minyak sekitar 30-60%. Teknologi EOR semakin digunakan untuk memenuhi program pemerintah dalam mencapai target produksi minyak 1 juta barel per hari pada tahun 2030. Kelapa sawit adalah komoditas hasil perkebunan utama di Indonesia. Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar atau hampir 60% minyak sawit di dunia. Pengolahan kelapa sawit menjadi minyak kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah berupa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS), cangkang, dan serat. Limbah TKKS memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan surfaktan. Pemilihan proses produksi pabrik ini dipertimbangkan melalui beberapa aspek meliputi persiapan bahan baku, proses delignifikasi, proses isolasi lignin, proses sulfonasi, proses pengendapan, dan pengeringan. Lokasi yang dipilih untuk membangun pabrik ini mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek meliputi ketersediaan bahan baku, wilayah pemasaran, ketersediaan utilitas, transportasi, ketersediaan tenaga kerja, lahan kosong, politik, komunitas local, dampak terhadap lingkungan, dan iklim. Pabrik Surfaktan Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) memiliki rencana sebagai berikut :
1. Perencanaan operasi : Kontinu, 24 jam/hari, selama 330 hari/tahun
2. Kapasitas Produksi : 25.000 ton/tahun
3. Lokasi Pabrik : Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau
Ditinjau dari segi teknis dan ekonomi, pabrik ini layak didirikan karena mampu menghasilkan proses yang efisien untuk memproduksi SLS sesuai yang diinginkan. Berdasarkan Analisa yang telah dilakukan pada NPV, IRR, BEP, POT, dan Sensitivitas menunjukkan status pabrik dapat menghasilkan keuntungan. Jika ditinjau dari segi lingkungan, pabrik ini ramah lingkungan karena sedikit limbah yang dihasilkan selama berlangsungnya proses.
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Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) surfactant is an anionic surfactant with a hydrophilic group at the head and a hydrocarbon group at the tail. This structure causes the surfactant to dissolve more easily in air. Currently, the need for surfactants in Indonesia is increasing along with the development of the detergent, textile, paper, polymer industry and Enhanced Oil Recovery technology. Meeting surfactant needs in Indonesia still relies on imports from other countries. Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) surfactant can be used in industry as a yield support resulting from Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technology. According to the United States Department of Energy, EOR technology can increase oil production capacity by around 30-60%. EOR technology is increasingly being used to fulfill the government's program to achieve the oil production target of 1 million barrels per day by 2030. Palm oil is the main plantation commodity in Indonesia. Indonesia is the largest palm oil producing country or almost 60% of palm oil in the world. Processing palm oil into palm oil produces waste in the form of empty palm oil bunches (TKKS), shells and fiber. TKKS waste contains lignocellulose which can be used as raw material for making surfactants. The selection of the factory production process takes into consideration several aspects including raw material preparation, delignification process, lignin isolation process, sulfonation process, precipitation process, and drying. The location chosen to build this factory takes into account several aspects including availability of raw materials, marketing area, availability of utilities, transportation, availability of labor, vacant land, politics, local community, impact on the environment and climate. The Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Surfactant Factory has the following plans:
1. Operation planning: Continuous, 24 hours/day, for 330 days/year
2. Production Capacity: 25,000 tons/year
3. Factory Location: Dumai City, Riau Province
From a technical and economic perspective, this factory is worth establishing because it is able to produce an efficient process for producing SLS as desired. Based on the analysis that has been carried out on NPV, IRR, BEP, POT, and Sensitivity, it shows that the factory status can generate profits. From an environmental perspective, this factory is environmentally friendly because little waste is produced during the process.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Lignin, SLS, Sulfonasi
Subjects:	A General Works > AC Collections. Series. Collected works A General Works > AC Collections. Series. Collected works T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP994 Surface active agents.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Kirei Sukma Aurelitha
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 04:20
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 04:20
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120931

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