Studi Literatur: Kajian Dampak Lingkungan pada Proses Sintesis Elektrokatalis dari Baterai Lithium-Ion Bekas

Choirunnisa, Melati Nur Aini (2025) Studi Literatur: Kajian Dampak Lingkungan pada Proses Sintesis Elektrokatalis dari Baterai Lithium-Ion Bekas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penggunaan baterai lithium-ion (LIB) dalam berbagai sektor telah mendorong peningkatan jumlah limbah baterai lithium-ion bekas yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Namun, baterai lithium-ion bekas ini mengandung logam-logam berharga seperti litium, kobalt, nikel, mangan, dan material lain yang masih memiliki nilai guna tinggi dan berpotensi dimanfaatkan kembali, salah satunya sebagai elektrokatalis untuk produksi hidrogen melalui elektrolisis air. Namun, proses sintesis elektrokatalis juga memiliki potensi dampak lingkungan yang signifikan akibat konsumsi energi dan bahan kimia yang digunakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan dari proses sintesis elektrokatalis berbasis baterai lithium-ion bekas sekaligus memberikan rekomendasi mitigasi dampak yang relevan.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka Life Cycle Assessment dengan ruang lingkup gate-to-gate untuk proses sintesis elektrokatalis NiCoMnFe-LDH/C. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari literatur dan perhitungan, yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel. Metode CML-IA digunakan untuk perhitungan dampak yang dikaji, yaitu Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), dan Photochemical Oxidation Potential (PCOP). Basis data Ecoinvent 3.8 digunakan sebagai background data inventori untuk memperoleh faktor karakterisasi masing-masing dampak.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak total yang dihasilkan proses pembuatan elektrokatalis pada kategori GWP, AP, EP, HTP, dan PCOP masing-masing sebesar 1749,38 kg CO₂-eq, 9,21 kg SO₂-eq, 12,22 kg PO₄³⁻-eq, 1352,27 kg 1,4DB-eq, dan 0,29 kg C2H4-eq. Konsumsi listrik menjadi penyumbang dampak tertinggi untuk semua kategori dimana berkontribusi pada 80,67% GWP, 84,16% AP, 88,94% EP, 84,97% HTP, dan 86,21% PCOP. Rekomendasi alternatif perbaikan untuk proses ini dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan sumber energi terbarukan seperti panel surya, penggunaan kembali agen pelindian, dan subtitusi penggunaan asam anorganik menjadi asam organik yang lebih ramah lngkungan.
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increasing use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) across various sectors has led to a significant rise in spent batteries, which pose a potential threat to the environment due to their hazardous components. However, these batteries still contain valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and other functional materials that retain high utility value and can be recovered, one of which is for the synthesis of electrocatalysts used in hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Nevertheless, the electrocatalyst synthesis process itself may contribute to substantial environmental impacts due to high energy consumption and the use of various chemical reagents. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts associated with the electrocatalyst synthesis process based on spent LIBs and to propose relevant mitigation strategies.
The research method employed is a literature-based Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a gate-to-gate system boundary focusing on the synthesis of NiCoMnFe-LDH/C electrocatalysts. The data were obtained from scientific literature and stoichiometric calculations, analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The CML-IA method was utilized for impact assessment, focusing on Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), and Photochemical Oxidation Potential (PCOP). The Ecoinvent 3.8 database served as the background life cycle inventory to obtain characterization factors for each impact category.
The results indicate that the total environmental impacts generated from the electrocatalyst synthesis process amount for GWP, AP, EP, HTP, and PCOP were 1749.38 kg CO₂-eq, 9.21 kg SO₂-eq, 12.22 kg PO₄³⁻-eq, 1352.27 kg 1,4-DB-eq, and 0.29 kg C₂H₄-eq, respectively. Electricity consumption was identified as the dominant contributor across all impact categories, for 80.67% of GWP, 84.16% of AP, 88.94% of EP, 84.97% of HTP, and 86.21% of PCOP. Based on these findings, several improvement alternatives are proposed, including the use of renewable energy sources such as solar panels, recycling of leaching agents, and substitution of inorganic acids with more environmentally benign organic acids, to reduce the overall environmental burden of the process.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Life Cycle Assessment, Baterai Lithium-Ion Bekas, Elektrolisis Air, Elektrokatalis, Energi Terbarukan, Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries, Water Electrolysis, Electrocatalyst, Renewable Energy.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD794.5 Recycling (Waste, etc.)
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Melati Nur Aini Choirunnisa
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 01:03
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 01:03
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121056

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