Simulasi Pola Arus Dan Sebaran Sedimen Untuk Deep Sea Tailing Di Perairan Selatan Banyuwangi

Haddawi, Husein Ahmad Haddawi (2025) Simulasi Pola Arus Dan Sebaran Sedimen Untuk Deep Sea Tailing Di Perairan Selatan Banyuwangi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri pertambangan emas memiliki potensi besar pada ekonomi namun juga menghadapi tantangan dalam pengelolaan lingkungan salah satunya tailing. Deep Sea Tailing Placement (DSTP) menjadi salah satu metode pembuangan limbah ke laut dalam untuk meminimalkan dampak ekosistem perairan dangkal. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan sebaran tailing DSTP dalam dua skenario yakni Musim Barat dan Musim Timur. Validasi model hidrodinamika terhadap pasang surut di stasiun Jembrana menunjukkan akurasi tinggi, dengan nilai RMSE dan MAE berturut-turut sebesar 0,188 m dan 0,160 m pada musim barat, serta 0,252 m dan 0,233 m pada musim timur. Analisis oseanografi (salinitas dan temperatur) mengindikasikan stratifikasi kolom air, yang mendasari tiga skenario pembuangan yakni pada lapisan mixed layer (40 m), thermocline (150 m), dan deep layer (375 m). Dinamika arus sangat dipengaruhi musim dan pasang surut. Meskipun lokasi pelepasan tailing (Skenario 1, 2, dan 3) berada di perairan lepas dengan kecepatan arus umumnya rendah (0,00-0,10 m/s), musim timur cenderung memiliki arus lebih kuat, dan kondisi pasang purnama mendorong dispersi horizontal tailing menjauhi daratan. Namun, arus sangat tenang saat pasang perbani dapat menyebabkan pengendapan lokal. Analisis dispersi vertikal tailing menunjukkan ketergantungan kuat pada kedalaman pelepasan. Pada skenario 1, sifat perairan yang homogen dan turbulen menyebabkan dispersi tailing signifikan hingga ke permukaan dengan konsentrasi diatas 0,20 kg/m³, dengan potensi resuspensi luas pada kedua musim. Sebaliknya, pelepasan di skenario 2 dan 3 secara progresif membatasi dispersi vertikal, menjaga konsentrasi tailing tetap terkonsentrasi di lapisan lebih dalam, jauh dari permukaan laut yang produktif. Pembuangan tailing pada skenario 1 menimbulkan risiko ekologis tinggi di permukaan air. Sementara skenario 2 menunjukkan potensi mitigasi kenaikan, skenario 3 terbukti paling aman karena tailing tidak menembus puncak thermocline, bahkan di Musim Timur. Oleh karena itu, pembuangan di lapisan dibawah thermocline sangat disarankan untuk meminimalkan dampak lingkungan di permukaan, meskipun ada tantangan pada jarak dengan daratan.

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The gold mining industry has great economic potential but also faces challenges in environmental management, one of which is tailings. Deep Sea Tailing Placement (DSTP) is one method of waste disposal into the deep sea to minimize the impact on shallow water ecosystems. This study aims to model the distribution of DSTP tailings in two scenarios, namely the west and east seasons. Validation of the hydrodynamic model against tides at Jembrana station showed high accuracy, with RMSE and MAE values of 0.188 m and 0.160 m respectively in the west season, and 0.252 m and 0.233 m in the east season. Oceanographic analysis (salinity and temperature) indicated water column stratification, which underlies three disposal scenarios, namely in the mixed layer (40 m), thermocline (150 m), and deep layer (375 m). Current dynamics are greatly influenced by seasons and tides. Although the tailings discharge locations (Scenarios 1, 2, and 3) are located in open waters with generally low current velocities (0.00-0.10 m/s), the east monsoon tends to have stronger currents, and the spring tide conditions encourage horizontal dispersion of tailings away from land. However, very calm currents during the neap tides can cause localized deposition. Analysis of the vertical dispersion of tailings shows a strong dependence on the depth of discharge. In scenario 1, the homogeneous and turbulent nature of the waters causes significant tailings dispersion to the surface with concentrations above 0.20 kg/m³, with the potential for extensive resuspension in both seasons. In contrast, discharges in scenarios 2 and 3 progressively limit vertical dispersion, keeping tailings concentrated in deeper layers, away from the productive sea surface. Tailings discharge in scenario 1 poses a high ecological risk to the surface waters. While scenario 2 shows potential for mitigating the upwelling, scenario 3 proves to be the safest as the tailings do not penetrate the thermocline crest, even in the East Monsoon. Therefore, deep-sea disposal is highly recommended to minimize environmental impacts on the surface, despite the challenges of distance to land.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Deep Sea Tailing Placement (DSTP), Model Hidrodinamika, Oseanografi, Thermocline, Deep Sea Tailing Placement (DSTP), Hydrodynamic Model, Oceanographic, Thermocline
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GC Oceanography Q Science > QE Geology > QE571 Sedimentation and deposition. Sediment transport. Erosion.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Husein Ahmad Haddawi
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 06:53
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 06:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121177

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