Pembentukan Struvite untuk Pemulihan Amonium dan Fosfat pada Air Limbah Peternakan Sapi dengan Presipitasi Elektrokimia

Triadi, Hilda Calista (2025) Pembentukan Struvite untuk Pemulihan Amonium dan Fosfat pada Air Limbah Peternakan Sapi dengan Presipitasi Elektrokimia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

PT Greenfields Indonesia Dairy Farms Blitar sebagai peternakan terbesar di Jawa Timur menghasilkan air limbah dengan kandungan amonium dan fosfat yang tinggi dari sisa kotoran hewan, kegiatan pencucian kandang, dan hewan ternak. Recovery amonium dan fosfat dapat menghasilkan struvite sebagai pupuk slow release yang melepaskan nutrien secara perlahan sesuai dengan kebutuhan tumbuhan. Pembentukan struvite dalam air limbah terjadi ketika terdapat magnesium, amonium, dan fosfat yang mencukupi. Dengan kandungan amonium dan fosfat, magnesium dapat ditambahkan dengan presipitasi elektrokimia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio molar dan penambahan seed material terhadap pembentukan struvite dan pemulihan amonium dan fosfat dari air limbah peternakan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan elektrolisis menggunakan magnesium sebagai anoda dan stainless steel sebagai katoda. Elektrolisis dilakukan secara batch menggunakan constant current dengan luas elektroda tercelup sebesar 22,5 cm2 dan jarak antar elektroda sebesar 2 cm. Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi pre-treatment dengan penyaringan bertingkat menggunakan filterbag 200 mikron dan kertas saring 11 mikron. Perhitungan laju peluruhan magnesium dilakukan dengan elektrolisis larutan NaCl, yaitu sebesar 0,029 mg Mg/detik. Penentuan waktu reaksi dilakukan dengan rasio 1:1:1 dan pH 10 melalui elektrolisis selama 30 dan 60 menit. Waktu reaksi ditentukan berdasarkan removal amonium dan fosfat tertinggi, yaitu selama 30 menit. Penelitian utama menggunakan variasi kuat arus listrik yang dihitung berdasarkan Hukum Faraday I untuk mendapatkan rasio molar Mg:Ca sebesar 2:1, Mg:PO4 sebesar 2:1, dan Mg:NH4 sebesar 1:1. Penelitian utama juga menggunakan variasi penambahan seed material tanpa seed, penambahan 10 g pasir silika, dan 10 g kaolin dalam 500 mL air limbah. pH yang digunakan adalah pH eksisting sebesar 8,81. Endapan setelah elektrolisis dikeringkan dengan oven sebelum dilakukan uji karakterisasi. Penentuan struvite dilakukan dengan uji SEM-EDX dan XRD untuk mengetahui morfologi dan struktur presipitat yang terbentuk. Hasil elektrolisis tanpa seed menunjukkan removal amonium dan fosfat tertinggi yang diperoleh dari rasio Mg:NH4 sebesar 1:1, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 30,9% dan 94,9%. Penambahan pasir silika meningkatkan removal amonium menjadi 71,9% dan removal fosfat menjadi 99,8%. Penambahan kaolin meningkatkan removal amonium menjadi 79,2% dan removal fosfat sebesar 68,5%. Removal amonium tertinggi diperoleh dengan penambahan kaolin dan removal fosfat tertinggi diperoleh dengan penambahan pasir silika. Hasil uji karakterisasi menunjukkan struvite terbentuk pada variasi tanpa seed sebesar 25% dari berat presipitat. Namun, struvite bukan presipitat utama karena banyaknya unsur pengotor Ca. Sejalan dengan pemodelan MINTEQ 3.1, indeks saturasi tertinggi diperoleh presipitat hydroxyapatite pada tiap variasi rasio molar.
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PT Greenfields Indonesia Dairy Farms Blitar, the largest dairy farm in East Java, produces wastewater with high ammonium and phosphate content from animal waste, barn washing activities, and livestock. Ammonium and phosphate recovery can produce struvite, a slow-release fertilizer that releases nutrients slowly according to plant needs. Struvite formation in wastewater occurs when sufficient magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate are present. With ammonium and phosphate content, magnesium can be added by electrochemical precipitation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of molar ratio and seed material addition on struvite formation and ammonium and phosphate recovery from livestock wastewater. The study was conducted by electrolysis using magnesium as the anode and stainless steel as the cathode. Electrolysis was carried out in batches using a constant current with an immersed electrode area of 22.5 cm2 and a distance between electrodes of 2 cm. Preliminary research included pre-treatment with multi-stage filtration using a 200 micron filter bag and 11 micron filter paper. The calculation of the magnesium decay rate was carried out by electrolysis of a NaCl solution, which was 0.029 mg Mg/second. Determination of the reaction time was carried out with a ratio of 1:1:1 and pH 10 through electrolysis for 30 and 60 minutes. The reaction time was determined based on the highest removal of ammonium and phosphate, which was 30 minutes. The main study used variations in electric current strength calculated based on Faraday's Law I to obtain a molar ratio of Mg:Ca of 2:1, Mg:PO4 of 2:1, and Mg:NH4 of 1:1. The main study also used variations in the addition of seed material without seeds, the addition of 10 g of silica sand, and 10 g of kaolin in 500 mL of wastewater. The pH used was the existing pH of 8.81. The precipitate after electrolysis was dried in an oven before characterization tests. Struvite determination was carried out using SEM-EDX and XRD tests to determine the morphology and structure of the formed precipitate. The results of seedless electrolysis produced the highest ammonium and phosphate removal obtained from a Mg:NH4 ratio of 1:1, which were 30.9% and 94.9%, respectively. The addition of silica sand increased ammonium removal to 71.9% and phosphate removal to 99.8%. The addition of kaolin increased ammonium removal to 79.2% and phosphate removal to 68.5%. The highest ammonium removal was obtained with the addition of kaolin and the highest phosphate removal was obtained with the addition of silica sand. The characterization test results showed that struvite was formed in the seedless variation at 25% of the precipitate weight. However, struvite was not the main precipitate due to the large number of Ca impurities. n line with MINTEQ 3.1 modeling, the highest saturation index was obtained by hydroxyapatite precipitate at each molar ratio variation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Elektrokimia, Fosfat, Kuat Arus, Seed Material, Struvite, Current Strength, Electrochemistry, Phosphate, Seed Material, Struvite
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD553 Electrochemistry. Electrolysis T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP255 Electrochemistry, Industrial.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Hilda Calista Triadi
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 06:05
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 06:05
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121194

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