Adsorption Of Low Phospate Concentrations In Water Using Commercial Fe Based Adsorbents

Faris, Salman (2025) Adsorption Of Low Phospate Concentrations In Water Using Commercial Fe Based Adsorbents. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kontaminasi fosfat dalam badan air telah menjadi perhatian lingkungan yang serius karena perannya dalam mempercepat proses eutrofikasi, yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan alga berlebihan, penurunan kadar oksigen terlarut, dan degradasi ekosistem perairan.. Di antara berbagai teknologi pengolahan, adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben berbasis besi telah menunjukkan efisiensi yang menjanjikan, khususnya untuk penghilangan fosfat pada konsentrasi rendah (<0.3 mg/L). Adsorben berbasis besi dipilih karena memiliki afinitas tinggi terhadap fosfat, sementara variasi ukuran partikel dan kecepatan pengadukan digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja adsorpsi, oleh karena itu penelitian ini berguna menentukan konfigurasi optimal untuk adsorpsi fosfat berkonsentrasi rendah. Penelitian ini mengkaji performa adsorpsi fosfat dari tiga adsorben komersial berbasis besi, yaitu (Granular Ferric Hydroxyde) GFH, Ferrolox, dan Bayoxide E33, dengan variasi ukuran partikel (74–149 µm, 37–74 µm, dan <37 µm) serta kecepatan agitasi (50, 100, 150, dan 200 rpm). Eksperimen adsorpsi batch dilakukan dengan konsentrasi awal fosfat sebesar 0,3 mg/L. Studi kinetika dilakukan selama 240 menit, sedangkan percobaan isotermal dilakukan selama 180 menit dengan rentang onsentrasi awal (c0) 0,3 mg/L – 1,5 mg/L. Karakterisasi permukaan adsorben dilakukan menggunakan SEM, EDS, XRD, dan BET untuk mengevaluasi sifat morfologi, struktur kristal, dan luas permukaan. GFH menunjukkan kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi, dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi pada equilibrium (qe) mencapai 10,33 mg/g untuk fraksi ukuran partikel terkecil (<37 µm), diikuti oleh 8,61 mg/g (37–74 µm) dan 7,14 mg/g (74–149 µm). Bayoxide E33 menunjukkan performa sedang dengan nilai qe antara 6,37 hingga 7,31 mg/g, sedangkan Ferrolox memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi terendah, yaitu antara 4,26 hingga 4,95 mg/g. Semua adsorben mencapai kondisi kesetimbangan dalam waktu 150 hingga 180 menit. Selain itu, kecepatan agitasi terbukti sangat memengaruhi efisiensi adsorpsi, di mana efisiensi tertinggi dicapai pada 200 rpm, menunjukkan peningkatan transfer massa dan kontak permukaan yang lebih baik pada kecepatan tinggi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa GFH dengan ukuran partikel <37 µm dan kecepatan agitasi 200 rpm merupakan konfigurasi paling efektif untuk penghilangan fosfat pada kondisi yang diuji. Hasil adsorpsi menunujakkan kecocokan isoterm Langmuir dan model kinetika pseudo orde dua, dengan nilai koefisien determinasi yang tinggi, menunjukkan bahwa proses adsorpsi dikendalikan oleh interaksi kimia permukaan.
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Phosphate contamination in water bodies has become a serious environmental concern due to its role in accelerating the eutrophication process, which leads to excessive algal growth, decreased dissolved oxygen levels, and the degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Among various treatment technologies, adsorption using iron-based adsorbents has demonstrated promising efficiency, particularly for the removal of phosphate at low concentrations. However, adsorption performance is strongly influenced by factors such as adsorbent type, particle size, and agitation speed. Iron based adsorbents were selected due to their high affinity for phosphate, while variations in particle size and agitation speed were used to evaluate their influence on adsorption performance. Therefore, this research is useful in determining the optimal configuration for low concentration phosphate adsorption. This study examines the phosphate adsorption performance of three commercial iron based adsorbents, Granular Ferric Hydroxide (GFH), Ferrolox, and Bayoxide E33, with particle size variations (74–149 µm, 37–74 µm, and <37 µm) and agitation speeds (50, 100, 150, and 200 rpm). Batch adsorption experiments were conducted with an initial phosphate concentration of 0.3 mg/L. Kinetic studies were performed for 240 minutes, while isothermal experiments were conducted for 180 minutes with an initial concentration range (C₀) of 0.3 mg/L – 1.5 mg/L. Surface characterization was carried out using SEM/ EDS, XRD, and BET to evaluate morphological properties, crystal structure, and surface area. GFH exhibited the highest adsorption capacity, with an equilibrium adsorption capacity (qₑ) reaching 10.33 mg/g for the smallest particle size fraction (<37 µm), followed by 8.61 mg/g (37–74 µm) and 7.14 mg/g (74–149 µm). Bayoxide E33 showed moderate performance with qₑ values ranging from 6.37 to 7.31 mg/g, while Ferrolox exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity, ranging from 4.26 to 4.95 mg/g. All adsorbents reached equilibrium within 150 to 180 minutes. agitation speed was found to significantly affect adsorption efficiency, with the highest efficiency achieved at 200 rpm, indicating improved mass transfer and surface contact at higher speeds. These results indicate that GFH with a particle size of <37 µm and an agitation speed of 200 rpm is the most effective configuration for phosphate removal under the tested conditions. For all adsorbent tested were match with Langmuir model for isotherm, ans Pseud Second Order for kinetics model.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Adsorpsi, Adsorben Berbasis Besi, Ukuran Partikel, Pengaruh pH, Penghilangan Fosfat, Adsorption, Iron Based Adsorbents, Particle Size, Agitation Speed, Phospate Removal
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Salman Faris
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 06:15
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 06:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121199

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