Analisis Deformasi Pulau Sulawesi Bagian Tengah Berdasarkan Pengamatan GNSS Kontinyu (CORS) Deformation Analysis For Central Sulawesi Due To Continuous GNSS (CORS) Data

Kholiq, Moch. Abdul (2025) Analisis Deformasi Pulau Sulawesi Bagian Tengah Berdasarkan Pengamatan GNSS Kontinyu (CORS) Deformation Analysis For Central Sulawesi Due To Continuous GNSS (CORS) Data. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pulau Sulawesi dikenal sebagai salah satu wilayah dengan kondisi geologi paling kompleks di Indonesia, karena terletak pada zona pertemuan tiga lempeng tektonik besar, yaitu Lempeng Indo-Australia, Lempeng Filipina, dan Blok Sunda. Ketiganya membentuk konfigurasi tektonik yang disebut triple-junction. Kondisi ini menyebabkan Pulau Sulawesi, khususnya bagian tengah, menjadi sangat rentan terhadap aktivitas tektonik seperti gempa bumi dan pembentukan sesar aktif. Salah satu struktur tektonik utama di kawasan ini adalah Sesar Palu-Koro, yang memiliki laju pergeseran sekitar 42 mm/tahun dengan kombinasi gerakan geser ke kiri (strike-slip) dan ekstensional. Aktivitas sesar ini tercermin jelas pada bencana gempa bumi 28 September 2018, yang mengakibatkan kerusakan parah, tsunami, dan likuifaksi di wilayah Palu dan sekitarnya, menewaskan lebih dari 4.000 jiwa dan menyebabkan ratusan ribu orang mengungsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola deformasi tektonik di Sulawesi bagian tengah dengan memanfaatkan data dari jaringan GNSS permanen Ina-CORS dalam rentang waktu 2021 hingga 2024. Data dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak geodetik, yaitu software GAMIT/GLOBK. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Sulawesi bagian tengah memiliki pola deformasi yang kompleks. Hal ini ditandai oleh variasi kecepatan pergerakan horizontal dengan nilai pada komponen horizontal easting berkisar antara -16 sampai +24 mm/thn dan pada komponen northing berkisar antara -16 sampai +58 mm/thn. Sedangkan, pada komponen vertikal berkisar antara -30 sampai +10,5 mm/thn. Pergerakan stasiun CORS yang terjadi akibat dari adanya interaksi lempeng dan sesar aktif di daerah tersebut. Distribusi strain juga memperlihatkan adanya pola strain berupa shear strain pada bagian leher Pulau Sulawesi yaitu pada Kota Palu, konsentrasi regangan tinggi di barat laut dan kondisi tektonik lebih stabil di timur. Namun, perubahan pola deformasi sebelum dan sesudah gempa Palu 2018 belum dapat diidentifikasi secara utuh karena keterbatasan data pengamatan sebelum gempa.
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Sulawesi Island is known as one of the regions with the most complex geological conditions in Indonesia, as it lies at the convergence zone of three major tectonic plates: the Indo-Australian Plate, the Philippine Sea Plate, and the Sunda Block. These form a tectonic configuration known as a triple junction. This setting makes Sulawesi, particularly the central region, highly vulnerable to tectonic activities such as earthquakes and the development of active fault zones. One of the major tectonic structures in this area is the Palu-Koro Fault, which exhibits a slip rate of approximately 42 mm/year, characterized by a combination of left-lateral strike-slip and extensional movements. The activity of this fault was clearly reflected in the devastating earthquake of September 28, 2018, which triggered widespread destruction, a tsunami, and soil liquefaction in Palu and surrounding areas, resulting in over 4,000 fatalities and displacing hundreds of thousands of people. This study aims to analyze the tectonic deformation pattern in Central Sulawesi using data from the permanent GNSS network Ina-CORS, covering the period from 2021 to 2024. The data were processed using geodetic software, specifically GAMIT/GLOBK. The analysis reveals that Central Sulawesi exhibits a complex deformation pattern, indicated by varying horizontal velocity rates, with the easting component ranging from -16 to +24 mm/year and the northing component ranging from -16 to +58 mm/year. The vertical component ranges from -30 to +10.5 mm/year. These movements are attributed to interactions between tectonic plates and active faults in the region. The strain distribution further indicates a dominant shear strain pattern in the "neck" area of Sulawesi, particularly around Palu City, with high strain concentration in the northwest and relatively stable tectonic conditions in the east. However, changes in deformation patterns before and after the 2018 Palu earthquake could not be fully identified due to the limited availability of pre-earthquake observation data.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Deformasi, GNSS, Kecepatan, Regangan, Sulawesi Deformation, GNSS, Velocity, Strain, Sulawesi
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G109.5 Global Positioning System G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GB Physical geography > GB651 Subsidences (Earth movements)
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Geomatics Engineering > 29202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Moch. Abdul Kholiq
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 09:01
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 09:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121506

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