Komalasari, Nilam (2025) Analisis Perbandingan Gangguan Ionosfer akibat Gempa Bumi dan Kebakaran Menggunakan Metode GNSS-TEC dan Tomografi 3D. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Lapisan ionosfer merupakan bagian atmosfer dan berperan penting dalam propagasi gelombang radio. Pengamatan Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) multi-frekuensi dapat menentukan Total Electront Content (TEC) di ionosfer. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan metode GNSS-TEC dan tomografi 3D untuk mendeteksi dan membandingkan gangguan ionosfer yang disebabkan oleh gempa bumi dan kebakaran ekstrem. Gangguan ionosfer akibat gempa bumi Taiwan M7.4 (2024) dan Laut Karibia M7.6 (2025), yang dikenal sebagai Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbance (CID), menunjukkan fluktuasi TEC tajam dengan pola gelombang berbentuk N. Rata-rata amplitudo TEC untuk gangguan ini berkisar antara 0,1–0,7 TECU. Gelombang yang menyebabkan CID teridentifikasi sebagai gelombang akustik dan gelombang Rayleigh, dengan kecepatan propagasi ~0,8-1 km/s dan 2,033 km/s. Sebaliknya, kebakaran ekstrem disertai badai angin Santa Ana di Palisades–Los Angeles (2025) terdeteksi sebagai Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) dengan fluktuasi TEC variatif dan pola osilasi naik-turun, serta durasi yang lebih lama. TID ini memiliki kecepatan propagasi yang lebih rendah, ~0,124 km/s dan 0,169 km/s, disebabkan oleh Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs). Amplitudo TEC rata-rata untuk gangguan akibat kebakaran ekstrem berkisar antara ~0,5–1,5 TECU. Pemodelan tomografi 3D menunjukkan bahwa gangguan akibat gempa bumi terfokus pada ketinggian tinggi (~300 km) dan kembali normal dalam beberapa menit setelah kejadian, sementara gangguan akibat kebakaran lebih tersebar di lapisan ionosfer rendah (~100-200 km) dan memiliki durasi lebih lama. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai perbedaan pola gangguan ionosfer yang diakibatkan oleh gempa bumi dan kebakaran ekstrem, serta memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan sistem peringatan dini berbasis gangguan ionosfer.
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The ionosphere is a layer of the atmosphere that plays an important role in radio wave propagation. Multi-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations can determine the Total Electron Content (TEC) in the ionosphere. This study applies the GNSS-TEC method and 3D tomography to detect and compare ionospheric disturbances caused by earthquakes and extreme fires. Ionospheric disturbances caused by the M7.4 Taiwan earthquake (2024) and the M7.6 Caribbean Sea earthquake (2025), known as Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbance (CID), exhibit sharp TEC fluctuations with an N-shaped wave pattern. The average TEC amplitude for these disturbances ranged from 0.1–0.7 TECU. The waves causing CID were identified as acoustic waves and Rayleigh waves, with propagation speeds of ~0.8–1 km/s and 2.033 km/s, respectively. In contrast, the extreme wildfires accompanied by Santa Ana winds in the Palisades–Los Angeles area (2025) were detected as a Traveling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) with variable TEC fluctuations and an oscillating up-and-down pattern, as well as a longer duration. This TID has a lower propagation speed, ~0.124 km/s and 0.169 km/s, caused by Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs). The average TEC amplitude for disturbances caused by extreme fires ranges from ~0.5–1.5 TECU. 3D tomography modeling shows that disturbances caused by earthquakes are concentrated at high altitudes (~300 km) and return to normal within minutes after the event, while disturbances caused by fires are more widespread in the lower ionospheric layer (~100–200 km) and have a longer duration. The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the differences in ionospheric disturbance patterns caused by earthquakes and extreme fires, as well as contribute to the development of ionospheric disturbance-based early warning systems.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | CID, Gempa Bumi, GNSS, Ionosfer, Kebakaran, TEC, TID, Tomografi 3D, CID, Earthquake, GNSS, Ionosphere, Wildfire, TEC, TID, 3D Tomography |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) > G109.5 Global Positioning System Q Science > QC Physics > QC881.2.I6 ionosphere Q Science > QE Geology > QE538.5 Seismic tomography; Seismic waves. Elastic waves Q Science > QE Geology > QE538.8 Earthquakes. Seismology |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Geomatics Engineering > 29101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Nilam Komalasari |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jul 2025 07:05 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2025 07:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121778 |
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