Firmansyah, Mutta'ir Arya Okta (2025) Analisis Pengaruh Arah Pemakanan Up Milling/Down Milling Dan Feed Rate Pada Proses Pocket Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Baja ST 37 Dan Keausan Pahat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Operasi pocket pada CNC milling merupakan salah satu proses umum dalam penghilangan logam. Umumnya pocket digunakan untuk membuat lubang/kolam. Kualitas produksi dalam proses milling memerlukan hasil akhir dengan kriteria tertentu. Hasil akhir produksi sangat dipengaruhi oleh arah pemakanan (up milling-down milling) dan feed rate yang digunakan. Dalam proses produksi, tidak hanya kualitas produksi yang diperhatikan, tetapi juga umur pakai alat potong (tool life) sehingga, diperlukan penelitian mengenai arah pemakanan dan feed rate untuk mendapatkan kualitas permukaan yang optimal dengan penggunaan tool yang aman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hasil kekasaran permukaan dan efek keausan pahat dari metode up milling dan down milling dengan tiga variasi feed rate (160 mm/min, 240 mm/min, dan 320 mm/min). Penelitian ini dengan membuat lubang pocket pada benda kerja baja ST 37 dengan ukuran lubang 40×40×15 mm. Endmill yang digunakan HSS 4 flute, cutting method jenis parallel spiral, cutting speed yang digunakan 62 m/min, axial depth of cut konstan 10% dari diameter tool yakni 1 mm dan spindle speed juga dibuat konstan yakni 2000 rpm. Pengukuran kekasaran permukaan menggunakan Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-310, sedangkan pengukuran keausan pahat menggunakan mikroskop USB digital dengan difokuskan pada flute pahat horizontal. Hasil pengukuran selanjutnya dilakukan analisis statistik menggunakan ANOVA dan regresi. Didapatkan bahwa arah pemakanan dan feed rate masing-masing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekasaran permukaan horizontal (38.3% dan 48.1%), vertikal (68.1% dan 12.9%), dan keausan pahat (25.9% dan 52.3%). Sedangkan interaksi keduanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekasaran permukaan horizontal dan keausan pahat, namun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekasaran permukaan vertikal. Pada permukaan horizontal metode up milling dengan feed rate 320 mm/min menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan yang paling besar yaitu Ra 2.990 µm dibandingkan dengan metode down milling dengan Ra 2.788 µm. Pada permukaan vertikal metode up milling dengan feed rate 320 mm/min menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan Ra 1.477 µm sedangkan metode down milling dengan feed rate 320 mm/min menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan Ra 1.046 µm. Keausan pahat pada metode down milling dengan feed rate 320 mm/min memiliki nilai 0.40722 mm sedangkan pada metode up milling dengan feed rate 320 mm/min sebesar 0.44942 mm.
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Pocket operation in CNC milling is one of the common processes in metal removal. Generally, pocket is used to make hole/pool. Production quality in the milling process requires the final result with certain criteria. The final result of production is greatly influenced by the feed direction (up milling-down milling) and the feed rate used. In the production process, not only the production quality is considered, but also the service life of the cutting tool (tool life). Therefore, research is needed on the feed direction and feed rate to obtain optimal surface quality with safe tool use. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of surface roughness and the effect of tool wear from the up milling and down milling methods with three variations of feed rates (160 mm/min, 240 mm/min, and 320 mm/min). This study was done by making a pocket hole on the ST 37 steel workpiece with a hole size of 40x40x15 mm. The endmill used is HSS 4 flute, the cutting method is parallel spiral type, the cutting speed used is 62 m/min, the axial depth of cut is constant 10% of the tool diameter, which is 1 mm and the spindle speed is also made constant, namely 2000 rpm. Surface roughness measurements using Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-310, while tool wear measurements using a digital USB microscope with a focus on the horizontal tool flute. The results of the subsequent measurements were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and regression. It was found that the feed direction and feed rate each had a significant effect on horizontal surface roughness (38.3% and 48.1%), vertical (68.1% and 12.9%), and tool wear (25.9% and 52.3%). While the interaction of both had a significant effect on horizontal surface roughness and tool wear, but did not have a significant effect on vertical surface roughness. On the horizontal surface, the up milling method with a feed rate of 320 mm/min produces the largest surface roughness, namely Ra 2,990 µm compared to the down milling method with Ra 2,788 µm. On the vertical surface, the up milling method with a feed rate of 320 mm/min produces a surface roughness of Ra 1,477 µm while the down milling method with a feed rate of 320 mm/min produces a surface roughness of Ra 1,046 µm. Tool wear on the down milling method with a feed rate of 320 mm/min has a value of 0.40722 mm while on the up milling method with a feed rate of 320 mm/min it is 0.44942 mm.
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