Pencemaran Mikroplastik Pada Sungai Martapura di Kota Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan

Kamal, Muhammad Firdaus (2025) Pencemaran Mikroplastik Pada Sungai Martapura di Kota Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 6014211002-Master_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (4MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Mikroplastik adalah plastik dengan ukuran <5 mm – 1 µm yang dapat berasal dari kantong plastik, botol plastik, kotak makanan, dan degradasi plastik yang berukuran besar. Sungai Martapura memiliki peran sangat vital sebagai penyedia air baku untuk pengolahan air minum, pengairan pertanian, penyedia ikan, transportasi, dan perdagangan. Keberadaan mikroplastik mulai dari ukuran, bentuk maupun jenis polimernya di berbagai wilayah perairan dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif pada organisme akuatik, menyebabkan masalah kesehatan, seperti pencernaan, toksisitas, disfungsi imun, dan kelainan reproduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelimpahan dan karakteristik mikroplastik pada air dan ikan di Sungai Martapura, serta menganalisis kebijakan pengelolaan sampah guna meningkatkan kualitas Sungai Martapura Kota Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada sepuluh lokasi sampling aliran Sungai Martapura Kota Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan dengan dua kali pengulangan. Pengambilan sampel pada badan air mengacu pada SNI 8995:2021, sedangkan pada sampel ikan dilakukan secara manual random sampling. Ekstraksi mikroplastik pada sampel air dan ikan dilakukan menggunakan KOH 10% untuk destruksi senyawa organik dan larutan NaCl 5M sebagai pemisah densitas mikroplastik. Kemudian mikroplastik diamati di bawah mikroskop menggunakan Sedgewick Rafter Counting Cell dan dilakukan uji FTIR. Kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air Sungai Martapura berkisar 6.500-14.000 partikel/L dengan karakteristik fragment (42,72%), fiber (19,90%), pellet (19,90%), dan film (17,48%), sedangkan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada ikan di Sungai Martapura berkisar 17.500-30.500 partikel/individu dengan karakteristik fiber (57,72%), film (36,15%), fragment (5,92%), dan pellet (0,21%). Kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi pada air dan ikan di Sungai Martapura berlokasi di Kelurahan Pasar Lama sebesar 14.000 partikel/L dan 30.500 partikel/individu dengan karakteristik mikroplastik terbanyak jenis fragment (42,72%) pada air dan jenis fiber (57,72%) pada ikan. Kebijakan pengelolaan sampah dalam meningkatkan kualitas Sungai Martapura Kota Banjarmasin sudah cukup baik, namun masih diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas SDM, intensitas pengawasan, dan keterlibatan sektor swasta untuk memperkuat efektivitas program pengelolaan sungai secara berkelanjutan.
==================================================================================================================================
Microplastics are plastic particles ranging in size from <5 mm to 1 µm, originating from plastic waste such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, food containers, and microbeads, or from the degradation of larger plastic materials. The Martapura River has a very important role as a supplier of raw water for drinking water processing, agricultural irrigation, fish supply, transportation, and trade. The presence of microplastic particles in various water bodies—varying in size, shape, and polymer type—can have negative impacts on aquatic organisms, leading to health issues such as digestive problems, toxicity, immune dysfunction, and reproductive disorders. This study aims to analyze the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the water and fish from the Martapura River and to analyze waste management policies implemented to enhance the environmental quality of the Martapura River in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan. Water sampling was performed at ten sampling locations along the Martapura River flow in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan, with two replicates. Sampling followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8995:2021, and then fish sampling was conducted via manual random sampling. Microplastic extraction from water and fish samples involved: 10% KOH for organic matter digestion and saturated NaCl solution for density separation of microplastics. Microplastics were observed under a microscope using a Sedgewick Rafter Counting Cell and Polymer identification was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The abundance of microplastics in the Martapura River water ranged from 6,500 to 14,000 particles/L, with the following characteristics: fragments (42.72%), fibers (19.90%), pellets (19.90%), and films (17.48%). Meanwhile, the abundance of microplastics found in fish from the Martapura River ranged from 17,500 to 30,500 particles/individual, with fiber being the most dominant type (57.72%), followed by film (36.15%), fragments (5.92%), and pellets (0.21%). The highest abundance of microplastics in both water and fish samples was observed in Pasar Lama Subdistrict, amounting to 14,000 particles/L in water and 30,500 particles/individual in fish. The most dominant microplastic type in water was fragments (42.72%), while in fish it was fibers (57.72%). The waste management policies implemented to improve the quality of the Martapura River in Banjarmasin City have demonstrated promising progress. However, enhancements are still needed in terms of human resource capacity, monitoring intensity, and private sector involvement to strengthen the overall effectiveness of sustainable river management programs.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	banjarmasin, martapura, mikroplastik, pencemaran, sungai; banjarmasin, martapura, microplastic, pollution, river
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.P62 Microplastics--Environmental aspects.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Firdaus Kamal
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2025 03:52
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2025 03:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/122562

Actions (login required)

View Item