Susanto, Kenny (2025) Peningkatan Kinerja Operasional Distribusi Crude Oil Melalui Skema Semi Ship To Ship: Pendekatan Discrete Event Simulation. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sektor migas merupakan salah satu sektor besar di Indonesia, dengan berkontribusi sebesar 10,5% terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) pada tahun 2023. Namun, distribusi crude oil domestik menghadapi kendala operasional signifikan akibat variabilitas pasang surut di sungai yang menghambat pergerakan kapal feeder, menyebabkan peningkatan waktu tunggu hingga 420,92 jam selama tiga bulan dan menurunnya utilisasi kapal hingga 6,64%. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, diusulkan penerapan skema semi Ship to Ship (STS) dengan penambahan Floating Storage Unit (FSU) sebagai buffer operasional. Penelitian ini membangun model simulasi sistem distribusi menggunakan pendekatan Discrete Event Simulation (DES) untuk membandingkan performa operasional dan finansial antara skema STS dan semi-STS. Selain itu, dilakukan eksperimentasi pengurangan jumlah kapal feeder untuk menguji peningkatan tambahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skema semi-STS mampu mengeliminasi waktu tunggu pada mother vessel sepenuhnya tanpa menurunkan kualitas layanan. Reduksi jumlah feeder dari enam menjadi tiga juga terbukti tidak mengganggu operasional dan justru meningkatkan utilisasi kapal. Secara keseluruhan, skema ini memberikan benefit finansial sebesar $2.385.109 bagi pihak operator tanpa merugikan perusahaan penerima crude oil, serta dapat menjadi solusi berkelanjutan dalam peningkatan kinerja distribusi crude oil domestik.
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Petroleum remains a major sector in Indonesia, contributing 10.5% to the national GDP in 2023, with a daily production of 845,000 barrels. However, the current distribution system faces severe operational challenges due to the tidal variability of the river, which frequently delays feeder vessel movement—resulting in up to 420.92 hours of cumulative waiting time and vessel utilization as low as 6.64%. To address this issue, this study proposes the implementation of a semi Ship to Ship (STS) distribution scheme that incorporates a Floating Storage Unit (FSU) as an operational buffer. A Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model is developed to evaluate and compare the operational and financial performance of the conventional STS and the proposed semi-STS schemes. Additionally, a feeder vessel reduction scenario is tested to assess further efficiency gains. The results demonstrate that the semi-STS approach successfully eliminates mother vessel waiting time without compromising service levels. Moreover, reducing the number of feeder vessels from six to three not only maintains operational continuity but also improves overall utilization. Ultimately, the proposed scheme yields a financial benefit of $2,385,109 for the operator without disadvantaging the receiving party, offering a sustainable strategy for enhancing the performance of domestic crude oil distribution.
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