Optimisasi Produksi Bioetanol dan Silase dari Fermentasi Rumput Pakchong dengan Sistem Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF)

Ningrum, Annisa Septyana (2025) Optimisasi Produksi Bioetanol dan Silase dari Fermentasi Rumput Pakchong dengan Sistem Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Target Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060 dalam Perjanjian Paris mendorong peningkatan campuran bioetanol hingga 20-30%. Namun, keterbatasan produksi bioetanol dari bagas tebu di Indonesia menyebabkan kebutuhan mendesak akan diversifikasi biomassa. Rumput Pakchong (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Thailand) memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai bahan baku bioetanol dan silase karena produktivitasnya yang tinggi, kandungan lignin yang rendah, serta kemampuan adaptasi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimisasi proses produksi bioetanol dan silase dari rumput Pakchong, yaitu pada proses pretreatment, sakarifikasi, dan fermentasi menggunakan skema modifikasi SSF. Optimisasi pretreatment dilakukan menggunakan larutan NaOH (1-5%) untuk mengurangi fraksi lignin dan hemiselulosa. Sakarifikasi dilakukan menggunakan enzim selulase komersial turunan Trichoderma reesei dengan konsentrasi 5-15 mg/mL. Dua skema SSF termodifikasi digunakan untuk fermentasi bioetanol, yaitu fed-batch SSF (FSSF) dan pre-SSF (PSFF), dengan variasi porsi feeding substrat dan enzim. Optimisasi dilakukan pada konsentrasi ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3-4×10^4 cfu/g) untuk fermentasi bioetanol dan Lactobacillus plantarum (10^5-10^7 cfu/mL) untuk fermentasi silase. Pada proses pretreatment, NaOH 5% selama 15 menit adalah kondisi optimal, menghilangkan 70% lignin dan mempertahankan 66% selulosa. Sakarifikasi dengan enzim selulase 10 mg/mL menghasilkan efisiensi sakarifikasi terbaik sebesar 76,18% dalam 5 hari. Skema FSSF 2 porsi menghasilkan efisiensi konversi glukosa ke etanol sebesar 95,41% dari nilai teoretis, dengan efisiensi proses 23,99% dan efisiensi total 9,71%. Sementara itu, pada fermentasi silase, inokulum Lactobacillus plantarum 10^6 cfu/mL memberikan efisiensi konversi WSC menjadi asam laktat sebesar 60,78%, dengan efisiensi total 25,3% dan efisiensi fermentasi terhadap biomassa kering sebesar 40,24%. Dengan hasil ini, rumput Pakchong terbukti berpotensi menjadi biomassa yang dapat mendukung program bioenergi dan ketahanan pakan nasional.
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The 2060 Net Zero Emission (NZE) target in the Paris Agreement encourages an increase in bioethanol blends to 20-30%. However, the limited production of bioethanol from sugarcane bagasse in Indonesia has created an urgent need for biomass diversification. Pakchong grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Thailand) has high potential as a raw material for bioethanol and silage due to its high productivity, low lignin content, and good adaptability. This study aims to optimize the production process of bioethanol and silage from Pakchong grass, namely in the pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation processes using the SSF modification scheme. Pretreatment optimization was carried out using NaOH solution (1-5%) to reduce the lignin and hemicellulose fractions. Saccharification was carried out using commercial cellulase enzymes derived from Trichoderma reesei with a concentration of 5-15 mg/mL. Two modified SSF schemes were used for bioethanol fermentation, namely fed-batch SSF (FSSF) and pre-SSF (PSFF), with variations in the portion of substrate and enzyme feeding. Optimization was carried out at the concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (3-4×10^4 cfu/g) for bioethanol fermentation and Lactobacillus plantarum (10^5–10^7 cfu/mL) for silage fermentation. In the pretreatment process, 5% NaOH for 15 minutes was the optimal condition, removing 70% lignin and retaining 66% cellulose. Saccharification with 10 mg/mL cellulase enzyme produced the best saccharification efficiency of 76.18% in 5 days. The 2-portion FSSF scheme produced a glucose to ethanol conversion efficiency of 95.41% of the theoretical value, with a process efficiency of 23.99% and a total efficiency of 9.71%. Meanwhile, in silage fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarum inoculum of 10^6 cfu/mL provided a conversion efficiency of WSC to lactic acid of 60.78%, with a total efficiency of 25.3% and a fermentation efficiency of dry biomass of 40.24%. With these results, Pakchong grass has proven to have the potential to be a biomass that can support the national bioenergy and feed security program.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioetanol, Fermentasi, Rumput Pakchong, Silase, Bioethanol, Fermentation, Pakchong Grass, Silage
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Annisa Septyana Ningrum
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2025 04:03
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2025 04:03
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/123720

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