Narendra, Muhammad Rafii (2025) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Jumlah Sudu Dan Putaran Impeller Terhadap Karakteristik Pompa Sentrifugal Closed Impeller Dengan Round Blade Leading-Edge. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pompa sentrifugal merupakan salah satu jenis pompa yang paling umum digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi industri karena kemampuannya dalam memindahkan fluida secara efisien. Kinerja dari pompa ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh desain impeller, khususnya pada aspek jumlah sudu dan bentuk leading-edge yang menentukan karakteristik aliran di dalam pompa. Dalam rangka meningkatkan efisiensi dan performa sistem, penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengaruh variasi jumlah sudu dan putaran impeller terhadap karakteristik kerja pompa sentrifugal.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimental menggunakan pompa MQC 175 dengan tipe closed impeller yang memiliki daya motor sebesar 300 watt, kapasitas maksimum 100 liter/menit, dan total head maksimum 31,5 meter, serta menggunakan sistem perpipaan CUSSON Friction in Pipeline Apparatus sebagai media alirannya. Benda uji yang digunakan yaitu impeller berjumlah sudu 5, 7, dan 9 dengan modifikasi leading-edge berbentuk round, serta variasi kecepatan putar sebesar 2000, 2400, dan 2850 RPM. Pada pengujian ini dilakukan pengambilan data pada pressure gauge untuk mendapatkan nilai pressure suction (Ps) dan pressure discharge (Pd), tegangan listrik (V) dan arus listrik (I) pompa yang diukur menggunakan clamp meter, serta pressure drop dalam bentuk selisih ketinggian pada manometer U (∆h). Penelitian ini memiliki output berupa grafik head pompa, WHP, BHP, dan efisiensi pompa.
Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa impeller dengan sudu 7 dan leading-edge berbentuk round memberikan performa paling optimal, dengan nilai head maksimum sebesar 24,02 meter dan efisiensi tertinggi sebesar 32,48% pada kapasitas aliran 45 liter/menit. Peningkatan jumlah sudu memberikan arah aliran fluida yang lebih baik dan mengurangi pembentukan vortex, meskipun juga meningkatkan friction losses. Konfigurasi sudu 5 menunjukkan performa yang baik, sementara sudu 9 menunjukkan performa terendah. Selain itu, penurunan kecepatan putar motor sebesar 15% dan 30% dari kecepatan awal berdampak langsung terhadap penurunan nilai head, WHP, BHP, dan efisiensi pompa secara keseluruhan. Namun demikian, pola atau tren performa pada setiap kecepatan putar tetap seragam. Analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi bentuk leading-edge menjadi round lebih efektif dibandingkan bentuk initial dalam meningkatkan performa pompa, khususnya pada kecepatan tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh bentuk geometris round yang mampu mengarahkan aliran fluida dengan lebih baik, mengurangi flow separation, dan meningkatkan distribusi tekanan pada sudu. Oleh karena itu, kombinasi antara jumlah sudu yang tepat dan desain leading-edge yang sesuai sangat penting dalam upaya optimalisasi performa pompa sentrifugal.
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Centrifugal pumps are widely used in various industrial sectors because of their ability to move fluids efficiently. The performance of these pumps is strongly affected by the design of the impeller, especially the number of blades and the shape of the leading edge. This study aims to examine how the number of blades and the rotation speed of the impeller influence the performance of a centrifugal pump that uses a closed impeller with a round leading edge.
The method used in this study is an experimental approach utilizing an MQC 175 centrifugal pump with a closed impeller type, which has a motor power of 300 watts, a maximum capacity of 100 liters/minute, and a maximum total head of 31.5 meters. The flow system employed the CUSSON Friction in Pipeline Apparatus as the testing medium. The test specimens used were impellers with 5, 7, and 9 blades, modified with a round-shaped leading-edge, and operated under rotational speed variations of 2000, 2400, and 2850 RPM. During the experiment, data collection was conducted using pressure gauges to obtain suction pressure (Ps) and discharge pressure (Pd), a clamp meter to measure voltage (V), and electric current (I), and a U-tube manometer to determine the pressure drop in the form of height difference (∆h). The outputs of this study include performance graphs of pump head, Water Horse Power (WHP), Brake Horse Power (BHP), and pump efficiency.
The results indicate that the impeller with 7 blades and a round leading-edge exhibits the most optimal performance, achieving a maximum head of 24.02 meters and the highest efficiency of 32.48% at a flow rate of 45 liters per minute. Increasing the number of blades improves the direction of fluid flow and reduces vortex formation, although it also contributes to greater friction losses. The 5-blade configuration demonstrated good performance, while the 9-blade configuration showed the lowest performance. Furthermore, a reduction in motor speed by 15% and 30% from the initial speed resulted in a direct decrease in head, water horsepower (WHP), brake horsepower (BHP), and overall pump efficiency. Nevertheless, the performance trends remained consistent across different rotational speeds. The analysis also shows that modifying the leading-edge shape to a round form is more effective than the initial shape in enhancing pump performance, particularly at higher speeds. This improvement is attributed to the round geometry’s ability to better direct fluid flow, minimize flow separation, and enhance pressure distribution along the blades. Therefore, an optimal combination of blade number and appropriate leading-edge design is essential for improving the performance of centrifugal pumps.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pompa Sentrifugal, Impeller, Jumlah Sudu, Putaran Impeller, Centrifugal Pump, Impeller, Blade Number, Impeller Speed |
Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ903 Pumping machinery. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ919 Centrifugal pumps--Design and construction. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Muhammad Rafii Narendra |
Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2025 03:28 |
Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2025 03:28 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/123815 |
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