Studi Numerik Pengaruh Roof Tapering Terhadap Karakteristik Aerodinamik Pada Desain Model Kendaraan Truk Kargo

Ramadhiaz, Arkha Rizki (2025) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Roof Tapering Terhadap Karakteristik Aerodinamik Pada Desain Model Kendaraan Truk Kargo. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi CO2 dari sektor transportasi, khususnya kendaraan truk, menjadi isu penting yang berdampak pada lingkungan di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebab utama tingginya konsumsi energi pada truk adalah gaya hambat udara yang bekerja berlawanan dengan arah gerak kendaraan. Upaya untuk mengoptimalkan desain aerodinamika truk, seperti penerapan roof tapering, diharapkan dapat mengurangi gaya drag dan gaya lift, sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar dan menekan emisi gas buang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi modifikasi roof tapering pada model truk kargo terhadap karakteristik aerodinamika pada kecepatan 20 m/s, 25 m/s, dan 30 m/s.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah simulasi numerik berbasis Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) menggunakan software ANSYS FLUENT 2025 R2. Geometri model truk Volvo Range FH84RF dibuat menggunakan software SolidWorks dengan ukuran geometri panjang (L) 12500mm, lebar (W) 2500mm, dan tinggi (H) 4600mm. Proses meshing dilakukan dengan metode Multizone Hexa untuk menghasilkan elemen grid berkualitas. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menerapkan model turbulensi k-ε realizable, serta pengaturan boundary condition berupa velocity inlet searah koordinat -x pada tiga variasi kecepatan 20 m/s, 25 m/s, dan 30 m/s. Variasi model truk meliputi Base Model standar dengan tinggi bagian belakang 3500mm (Y1) serta tiga variasi modifikasi roof tapering dengan tinggi bagian belakang truk 3143.6mm (Y2), 2787.3mm (Y3), dan 2431mm (Y4) . Analisis dilakukan pada gaya drag dan lift yang dihasilkan dari setiap variasi desain dan kecepatan.
Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, didapatkan koefisien drag paling kecil yaitu pada kecepatan 30 m/s pada model variasi 3 yaitu 0.669 sedangkan didapatkan koefisien lift-nya sebesar -0.097. Setelah mendapatkan koefisien drag dan gaya drag, didapatkan hasil penghematan konsumsi bahan bakar terbesar ada pada model variasi 3 yaitu 0.956 liter/jam dan pengurangan emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan sebesar 8.057 ton/tahun. Dari data yang didapatkan dapat disimpulkan bahwa modifikasi roof tapering dapat mengurangi koefisien drag yang nantinya dapat mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar serta produksi CO2. Namun dari hasil modifikasi tersebut gaya lift meningkat sehingga menurunkan stabilitas dari kendaraan.
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The increase in fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions from the transportation sector, particularly from trucks, has become a major environmental issue in Indonesia. One of the main causes of high energy consumption in trucks is aerodynamic drag, which opposes the direction of vehicle movement. Efforts to optimize truck aerodynamic design, such as the application of roof tapering, are expected to reduce drag and lift forces, thereby improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions. This study aims to analyze the effect of roof tapering modifications on a cargo truck model's aerodynamic characteristics at speeds of 20 m/s, 25 m/s, and 30 m/s, respectively.
The method used in this study is numerical simulation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using ANSYS FLUENT 2025 R2 software. The geometry of the Volvo Range FH84RF truck model was created using SolidWorks software with dimensions of 12500 mm in length (L), 2500 mm in width (W), and 4600 mm in height (H). The meshing process was carried out using the Multizone Hexa method to generate high-quality grid elements. The simulation employed the realizable k-ε turbulence model, with boundary conditions set as a velocity inlet in the -x direction at three different speeds: 20 m/s, 25 m/s, and 30 m/s. The truck model variations include a standard Base Model with a rear height of 3500 mm (Y1) and three roof tapering modifications with rear heights of 3143.6 mm (Y2), 2787.3 mm (Y3), and 2431 mm (Y4). The analysis focused on the drag and lift forces generated by each design variation at the specified speeds.
Based on the conducted study, the lowest drag coefficient was obtained at a speed of 30 m/s on the third variation model, with a value of 0.669, while the corresponding lift coefficient was -0.097. After calculating the drag coefficient and drag force, the highest fuel consumption savings were found in variation 3, reaching 0.956 liters/hour, along with a CO₂ emission reduction of 8.057 tons/year. The data indicate that roof tapering modifications can effectively reduce the drag coefficient, which in turn lowers fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. However, this modification also increases the lift force, potentially reducing the vehicle’s stability.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Gas Buang, Gaya Drag, Gaya Lift, Roof tapering, Konsumsi Bahan Bakar, Exhaust Gas, Drag Force, Lift Force, Roof tapering, Fuel Consumption.
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL521 Aerodynamics, Hypersonic.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Arkha Rizki Ramadhiaz
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 07:14
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 07:14
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/123947

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