Analisa Studi Numerik Co-Firing Batu Bara dengan Ammonia pada Boiler Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) 2X615 Megawatt

Putra, Abdullah Akmal Ersa (2025) Analisa Studi Numerik Co-Firing Batu Bara dengan Ammonia pada Boiler Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) 2X615 Megawatt. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penggunaan amonia sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dalam skema co-firing dengan batu bara menjadi salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi emisi karbon di sektor pembangkitan listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa dan emisi dari sistem pembakaran co-firing antara batu bara dan amonia melalui pendekatan simulasi numerik berbasis Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) menggunakan software ANSYS FLUENT. Simulasi dilakukan pada boiler tipe pulverizer berkapasitas 2×615 MW dalam kondisi full load, dengan campuran bahan bakar 80% batu bara dan 20% amonia berbasis energi. Variasi dilakukan pada lokasi injeksi amonia di masing-masing level burner (B, C, D, E, dan F). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pembakaran 100% batu bara menghasilkan temperatur lebih tinggi dibandingkan co-firing, namun beberapa konfigurasi injeksi amonia di level rendah (Burner B dan C) tetap mampu mempertahankan temperatur di zona pembakaran utama. Terdapat penurunan temperatur di area FEGT hingga 2.96% akibat peningkatan uap air dari hasil pembakaran amonia. Dari sisi emisi, co-firing menunjukkan potensi reduksi CO₂ sebesar 11–14%, namun diikuti peningkatan NOx dalam rentang 40–141% akibat mekanisme Fuel-NOx dari amonia. Meskipun demikian, nilai emisi NOx masih berada di bawah ambang batas regulasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konfigurasi injeksi amonia di burner level rendah merupakan skenario optimal pada studi ini, karena mampu menekan emisi CO₂ dengan tetap menjaga temperatur pembakaran. Studi lanjutan direkomendasikan untuk mengembangkan desain burner khusus co-firing, validasi data temperatur lebih menyeluruh, dan pengujian implementasi lapangan guna mengevaluasi kelayakan teknis dan dampaknya terhadap performa boiler secara keseluruhan.
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The use of ammonia as an alternative fuel in co-firing schemes with coal is one of the strategies to reduce carbon emissions in the power generation sector. This study aims to evaluate the combustion performance and emissions of a co-firing system between coal and ammonia through a numerical simulation approach based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using ANSYS FLUENT. The simulation was carried out on a pulverized coal boiler with a capacity of 2×615 MW under full load conditions, using a fuel mixture of 80% coal and 20% ammonia based on energy. Variations were conducted by injecting ammonia at different burner levels (B, C, D, E, and F). The results show that 100% coal combustion produces higher temperatures compared to co-firing. However, certain ammonia injection configurations at lower burner levels (Burners B and C) were able to maintain high temperatures in the main combustion zone. A decrease in the final exit gas temperature (FEGT) of up to 2.96% was observed due to increased water vapor from ammonia combustion. In terms of emissions, co-firing demonstrated a CO₂ reduction potential of 11–14%, though accompanied by an increase in NOx emissions by 40–141% due to the Fuel-NOx mechanism from ammonia. Nevertheless, NOx values remained below regulatory limits. It can be concluded that ammonia injection at lower burner levels represents the optimal configuration in this study, as it effectively reduces CO₂ emissions while maintaining combustion temperature. Further studies are recommended to develop burner designs specifically for co-firing, conduct more comprehensive temperature data validation, and perform field-scale testing to evaluate technical feasibility and the impact on overall boiler performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Amonia, Batu bara, Boiler, Co-firing, Simulasi numerik, Ammonia, Boiler, Coal, Co-firing, CFD.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Abdullah Akmal Ersa Putra
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 04:09
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2025 04:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124082

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