Studi Proses Gasifikasi Biomassa Ranting Pohon Dan Daun Kering Di Lingkungan ITS Menggunakan Gasifier Downdraft

Pratama, Rafi Andromeda (2025) Studi Proses Gasifikasi Biomassa Ranting Pohon Dan Daun Kering Di Lingkungan ITS Menggunakan Gasifier Downdraft. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Gasifikasi biomassa merupakan teknologi termokimia yang menjanjikan untuk konversi bahan organik, seperti ranting pohon dan daun kering, menjadi gas sintesis (syngas) yang ernilai energi tinggi. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh parameter operasi utama, yaitu temperatur reaktor (500–1100°C) dan Equivalence Ratio (ER) (0.15–0.40), terhadap komposisi syngas yang dihasilkan, Lower Heating Value (LHV), serta rasio H₂/CO menggunakan simulasi downdraft gasifier dengan perangkat lunak Aspen Plus. Biomassa ranting pohon dan daun kering dari lingkungan ITS digunakan sebagai bahan baku, dengan karakteristik seperti kadar air 34.89% dan volatile matter 67.23%. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan peningkatan temperatur secara konsisten meningkatkan produksi H₂ dan CO sambil menekan CH₄ dan CO₂, mengindikasikan reaksi reforming. Sebaliknya, peningkatan ER umumnya menurunkan kualitas syngas dengan mengurangi H₂, CO, dan CH₄, serta meningkatkan CO₂ akibat dominasi oksidasi. LHV syngas tertinggi pada 1100°C menurun drastis seiring peningkatan ER. Rasio H₂/CO menurun dengan kenaikan temperatur , namun responsnya terhadap ER bervariasi. Optimalisasi menunjukkan ER rendah (0.15–0.25) pada temperatur tinggi (900–1100°C) menghasilkan syngas terbaik untuk LHV tinggi. Dalam aplikasi Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), rentang ER antara 0.15 hingga 0.25, pada kisaran temperatur 900°C –1100°C, diidentifikasi sebagai kondisi optimal untuk memperoleh rasio H2/CO yang ideal, yaitu 0.5–1.
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Biomass gasification is a promising thermochemical technology for converting organic materials, such as tree branches and dry leaves, into high-energy synthesis gas (syngas). This study analyzes the influence of key operating parameters, namely reactor temperature (500 1100°C) and Equivalence Ratio (ER) (0.15–0.40), on the resulting syngas composition, Lower Heating Value (LHV), and H₂/CO ratio. This was achieved using a downdraft gasifier simulation with Aspen Plus software. Tree branches and dry leaves from the ITS environment were used as raw materials, exhibiting characteristics such as 34.89% moisture content and 67.23% volatile matter. Simulation results consistently show that increasing temperature enhances H2 and CO production while suppressing CH4 and CO2, indicating intense reforming. Conversely, an increase in ER generally degrades syngas quality by reducing H2, CO, and CH4 , and increasing CO2 due to the dominance of oxidation. The highest syngas LHV at 1100°C drastically decreases with increasing ER. H2/CO ratio decreases with rising temperature, but its response to ER varies. Optimization indicates that low ER (0.15–0.25) at high temperatures (900°C –1100°C) yields the best syngas for a high LHV. In Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) applications, an ER range between 0.15 and 0.25, within the temperature range of 900°C 1100°C, is identified as the optimal condition for obtaining an ideal H2/CO ratio of 0.5–1.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Gasifikasi, Downdraft Gasifier, Temperatur, Equivalence Ratio (ER)
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rafi Andromeda Pratama
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 03:14
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 03:14
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124116

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