Simulasi Proses Gasifikasi dan Studi Tekno-ekonomi Pembangkit Listrik dari Gasifikasi Sampah Padat Kota di Indonesia

Naibaho, Janter (2025) Simulasi Proses Gasifikasi dan Studi Tekno-ekonomi Pembangkit Listrik dari Gasifikasi Sampah Padat Kota di Indonesia. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.

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Abstract

Pemilihan teknologi pengolahan sampah harus memperhatikan dampak emisi terhadap lingkungan. Teknologi gasifikasi selain dapat mengolah sampah menjadi energi listrik, juga menghasilkan emisi yang relatif rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan software Aspen Plus untuk memodelkan dan mensimulasikan proses gasifikasi sesuai dengan karakteristik feedstock sampah di Indonesia; dengan menggunakan kombinasi gasifying agent udara dan oksigen dengan equivalent ratio (ER) 0.23, 0.30 dan 0.40 Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh bahwa nilai tertinggi combustible gas diperoleh dari simulasi ER 0.23 dengan komposisi CO 16.59% - 21.40%, CH4 1,53 – 2.86% dan H2 12.92% - 13.70% Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa performansi gasifikasi seperti komposisi combustible gas, syngas lower heating value (LHV), cold gas efficiency (CGE), carbon conversion rate (CCR), syngas production rate (SPR) dimana nilai tertinggi juga diperoleh dari simulasi ER 0.23. Tinjauan keekonomian menyimpulkan bahwa dengan total investasi sebesar 22.92 juta USD untuk gasifikasi sampah 345.6 ton/day yang menghasilkan listrik sebesar 5 MW, capacity factor (CF) 80% dan tarif listrik sebesar 13.35 cUSD/kWh; diperoleh hasil analisa finansial IRR Project 11.41%, IRR Equity 10.23%, Payback Period 7.82 tahun dan DSCR 1.29. Jika pendapatan ditambah dengan potensi carbon credit sebesar 2 USD/tonCO2e menghasilkan IRR Project 10.67% sedangkan pendapatan tipping fee sebesar 15 USD/ton akan menghasilkan IRR Project 13.53%.. Potensi pengurangan emisi karbon dari gasifikasi sampah menjadi listrik ini sebesar 63.898.77 ton CO2e/tahun
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The selection of waste processing technology must consider its environmental emissions impact.. Gasification technology not only processes waste into electrical energy, but also yields relatively low emissions. This study uses Aspen Plus software to model and simulate the gasification process according to the characteristics of waste feedstock in Indonesia; using a combination of air and oxygen gasifying agents with equivalent ratios (ER) 0.23, 0.30 and 0.40 From the simulation results, it was obtained that the highest value of combustible gas was obtained from the simulation of ER 0.23 with a composition of CO 16.59% - 21.40%, CH4 1.53 - 2.86% and H2 12.92% - 13.70% Furthermore, gasification performance analysis was carried out such as combustible gas composition, syngas lower heating value (LHV), cold gas efficiency (CGE), carbon conversion rate (CCR), syngas production rate (SPR) where the highest value was also obtained from the ER simulation of 0.23.. The economic review concluded that with a total investment of 22.92 million USD for waste gasification of 345.6 tons/day which produces electricity of 5 MW, capacity factor (CF) of 80% and electricity tariff of 13.35 cUSD/kWh; The results of the financial analysis were obtained from the IRR Project 11.41%, IRR Equity 10.23%, Payback Period 7.82 years and DSCR 1.29. If the revenue is added with the potential carbon credit of 2 USD/tonCO2e, it will result in an IRR Project of 10.67% while the tipping fee income of 15 USD/ton will result in an IRR Project of 13.53%. The potential reduction of carbon emissions from waste gasification into electricity is 63,898.77 tons of CO2e/year.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Gasifikasi sampah, Aspen-Plus Simulation, Tekno-ekonomi, pengurangan emisi karbon; Waste gasification, Aspen-plus simulation, Downdraft gasifier, Techno-economy, Carbon emissions reduction
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Janter Naibaho
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2025 05:35
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2025 05:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124254

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