Nugraha, Oktavira Nanda (2025) Evaluasi Degradasi Poliakrilamida Pada Sistem Air Tanah: Kajian Kinetika, Produk Samping, dan Deteksi Lingkungan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini menyelidiki perilaku degradasi lingkungan dan produk transformasi dari poliacrilamida (PAM) dalam sistem tanah-air, dengan fokus pada penggunaannya dalam pengolahan limbah konstruksi dan aplikasi pemanfaatan kembali tanah. PAM banyak digunakan sebagai flokulan dan penstabil tanah, namun nasib lingkungannya khususnya terkait pembentukan produk samping beracun seperti akrilamida (AM), asam akrilat (AA), dan amonium (NH₄⁺) masih belum sepenuhnya dipahami, terutama dalam kondisi matriks lapangan yang realistis.
Studi ini menggunakan percobaan batch di laboratorium yang mensimulasikan lingkungan akuatik dan tanah-air, serta lumpur nyata yang mengandung PAM yang berasal dari lokasi konstruksi. Pendekatan multi-analitik diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi adsorpsi PAM, transformasi struktural, dan pelepasan produk samping. Spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan difraksi sinar-X (XRD) mengungkapkan adanya interaksi kimia antara PAM dan mineral tanah, menunjukkan proses degradasi melalui hidrolisis gugus amida dan nitril. Analisis potensial zeta mengonfirmasi adanya muatan negatif yang persisten pada tanah yang diperlakukan dengan PAM, menandakan stabilitas dispersi.
Metode kuantitatif dikembangkan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis (kompleksasi dengan Toluidine Blue O) untuk menentukan konsentrasi sisa PAM, kromatografi ion (IC) untuk melacak pembentukan amonium, dan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (HPLC) untuk mendeteksi asam akrilat. Analisis LC-MS mengonfirmasi bahwa AM dan AA muncul pada tahap antara degradasi namun tidak terdeteksi pada residu lumpur akhir. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa PAM mengalami degradasi bertahap menjadi AM dan AA, kemudian dimineralisasi menjadi NH₄⁺, dengan laju degradasi yang berbanding terbalik dengan konsentrasi
PAM. Secara khusus, perlakuan 10 ppm menghasilkan sisa PAM terendah, transformasi produk samping tercepat, dan pembentukan NH₄⁺ tertinggi, menunjukkan bahwa input polimer yang minimal dapat mengurangi risiko lingkungan.
Temuan ini memberikan wawasan baru mengenai kinetika degradasi PAM, dinamika produk samping, dan implikasi lingkungannya dalam penggunaan kembali tanah konstruksi. Batas aplikasi yang direkomendasikan adalah ≤1 kg PAM per 5 ton tanah untuk meminimalkan potensi toksisitas sambil tetap mendukung efektivitas flokulasi. Studi ini mendukung pengembangan kerangka regulasi yang lebih aman dan mendorong pemanfaatan kembali material tanah yang mengandung PAM secara berkelanjutan.
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This research investigates the environmental degradation behavior and transformation products of polyacrylamide (PAM) in soil-water systems, with a focus on its use in construction waste treatment and soil reuse applications. PAM is widely used as a flocculant and soil stabilizer, yet its environmental fate, particularly the formation of toxic degradation byproducts such as acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and ammonium (NH₄⁺), remains insufficiently understood in realistic field-like matrices.
The study utilizes laboratory batch experiments that simulate both aqueous and soil-water environments, as well as real PAM-containing sludge sourced from a construction site. A multi-analytical approach was applied to evaluate PAM adsorption, structural transformation, and byproduct release. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed chemical interactions between PAM and soil minerals, highlighting degradation via hydrolysis of amide and nitrile groups. Zeta potential analysis confirmed persistent negative charges in PAM-treated soil, indicating dispersion stability.
Quantitative methods were developed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (Toluidine Blue O complexation) to determine residual PAM concentration, ion chromatography (IC) to trace ammonium formation, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect acrylic acid. LC-MS analysis confirmed that AM and AA appeared during the intermediate stages of degradation but were absent in the final sludge residues. Results demonstrated that PAM degrades progressively into AM and AA, followed by mineralization to NH₄⁺, with degradation rates inversely related to PAM concentration. Notably, the 10 ppm treatment yielded the lowest residual PAM, the fastest byproduct transformation, and the highest NH₄⁺ formation, suggesting minimal polymer input reduces environmental risk.
The findings contribute novel insights into PAM degradation kinetics, byproduct dynamics, and their environmental implications in reused construction soil. A recommended application threshold of ≤1 kg PAM per 5 tons of soil is proposed to minimize toxicity while supporting effective flocculation. This study supports the development of safer regulatory frameworks and encourages sustainable reuse of PAM-treated earth materials.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Degradasi Poliakrilamida; Sistem Tanah-Air; Pembentukan Akrilamida; Dampak Lingkungan; Metode Analisis. Polyacrylamide Degradation; Soil-Water System; Acrylamide Formation; Environmental Impact; Analytical Methods. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Oktavira Nanda Nugraha |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2025 06:38 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2025 06:38 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124561 |
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