Pengaruh Variasi Arus Listrik Pada Proses Peleburan Menggunakan Electric Arc Furnace Untuk Produk Hasil Reduksi Bijih Nikel Laterit Menggunakan Gas NH3

Siahaan, David Deboris Reynard (2025) Pengaruh Variasi Arus Listrik Pada Proses Peleburan Menggunakan Electric Arc Furnace Untuk Produk Hasil Reduksi Bijih Nikel Laterit Menggunakan Gas NH3. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Nikel merupakan produk industri logam yang penting, hal tersebut dikarenakan penggunaannya yang luas dalam stainless steel (70% produksi global), baterai, paduan logam karena memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang baik, ductillity, serta sifat stabilitas kimia yang tinggi. Indonesia yang kaya akan cadangan nikel laterit memainkan peranan penting dalam produksi nikel global ditinjau dari cadangan nikel sebesar 55 juta ton dengan nilai produksi 1,8 juta ton pada tahun 2023. Feronikel merupakan bahan baku utama dalam pembuatan stainless steel yang diproduksi melalui proses ekstraksi bijih nikel laterit dengan metode RKEF (Rotary Kiln Electric Arc Furnace). Salah satu proses yang penting dalam metode RKEF ini adalah proses smelitng/peleburan. Pada penelitian ini, proses peleburan akan dilakukan di Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) menggunakan sampel bijih nikel laterit yang telah direduksi menggunakan gas NH3 dengan penambahan zat aditif 10% Na2SO4. Reduksi menggunakan gas NH3 tersebut dilakukan untuk mengurangi emisi CO2 yang dihasilkan. Pada proses peleburan menggunakan EAF, arus smelting dapat mempengaruhi kualitas produk feronikel karena input panas yang dihasilkan. Sebelumnya, smelting trials telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah feronikel dapat terbentuk untuk produk reduksi bijih nikel laterit menggunakan gas NH3 dengan penambahan zat aditif 10% Na2SO4. Hasilnya, feronikel berhasil terbentuk, namun kandungan dan recovery Ni yang masih rendah. Pengendalian arus EAF pada proses smelting diharapkan dapat mengontrol dan menjaga recovery Ni tetap tinggi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh arus smelting hasil reduksi bijih nikel laterit menggunakan gas NH3 dengan penambahan zat aditif 10% Na2SO4 terhadap kandungan Ni total dan recovery Ni dalam proses pembuatan feronikel. Smelting dilakukan dengan waktu smelting selama 3 menit dan tegangan 40 V. Variasi arus yang digunakan adalah 40, 56, 72, 88, dan 104 Ampere. Dari Hasil Penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka didapatkan kadar Fe dan Ni tertinggi pada variasi 72 Ampere sebesar 84.35%wt dan 15.65%wt. Serta, recovery Fe tertinggi pada variasi 56 A sebesar 50.08% dan recovery Ni tertinggi pada variasi 72 A sebesar 86.62%. Kemudian, dari hasil XRD dan SEM terlihat bahwa degan peningkatan variasi arus maka memungkinkan adanya Ni dan Fe losses pada slag. Hal tersebut, hanya terjadi di variasi 104 Ampere. Maka, dari itu penelitian ini sudah dapat mengontrol kualitas dari nikel dan juga besi pada logam feronikel.
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Nickel is an important industrial metal product, due to its widespread use in stainless steel (70% of global production), batteries, and metal alloys because it possesses good mechanical strength, ductility, and high chemical stability. Indonesia, rich in lateritic nickel reserves, plays a significant role in global nickel production, with reserves of 55 million tons and a production value of 1.8 million tons in 2023. Ferronickel is the primary raw material for stainless steel production, manufactured through the extraction of lateritic nickel ore using the RKEF (Rotary Kiln Electric Furnace) method. One crucial process in the RKEF method is the smelting process. In this research, the smelting process will be conducted in an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) using samples of lateritic nickel ore that have been reduced using NH₃ gas with the addition of a 10% Na₂SO₄ additive. The reduction using NH₃ gas is performed to reduce CO₂ emissions generated. In the EAF smelting process, the smelting current can affect the quality of the ferronickel product due to the heat input generated. Previously, smelting trials were conducted to determine whether ferronickel could form from the reduced lateritic nickel ore product using NH₃ gas with the addition of the 10% Na₂SO₄ additive. The result showed that ferronickel was successfully formed, but the Ni content and recovery were still low. Controlling the EAF current during the smelting process is expected to control and maintain high Ni recovery. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to analyze the effect of the smelting current (applied to lateritic nickel ore reduced using NH₃ gas with a 10% Na₂SO₄ additive) on the total Ni content and Ni recovery in the ferronickel production process. Smelting was performed with a smelting time of 3 minutes and a voltage of 40 V. The current variations used were 40, 56, 72, 88, and 104 Amperes. From the research results, the highest Fe and Ni grades were obtained at the 72 Ampere variation, with 84.35 wt% and 15.65 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, the highest Fe recovery was at the 56 A variation (50.08%), and the highest Ni recovery was at the 72 A variation (86.62%). Subsequently, XRD and SEM results indicated that with increasing current variation, Ni and Fe losses to the slag became possible. However, this only occurred at the 104 Ampere variation. Therefore, this research has successfully controlled the quality of nickel and iron in the ferronickel metal

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Elctric current, Ferronickel, Lateritic Nickel Ore, Nickel, Smelting, Arus, Bijih Nikel Laterit, Feronikel, Nikel, Peleburan
Subjects:	T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN687 Electric furnaces. T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN799.N6 Nickel--Metallurgy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	David Deboris Reynard Siahaan
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 03:07
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 03:07
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124732

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